This layout algorithm uses a physical analogy to draw graphs by considering a graph a force system in which it tries to locally minimize the energy. It searches for an equilibrium state of the force system—a position for each diagram junction where the total force on each junction is zero. Because this algorithm has a tendency to emphasize loops contained in a network diagram, it is often used by operators who manage highly meshed networks, such as water, wastewater, or gas.

Reference

ForceDirectedDiagramLayoutParameters Members
ArcGIS.Core.Data.NetworkDiagrams Namespace