Esri home page

  • ARCGIS

    ArcGIS Overview
    Esri's enterprise geospatial platform
    ArcGIS Online
    Complete SaaS mapping platform
    ArcGIS Pro
    The world's leading GIS software
    ArcGIS Enterprise
    Foundational system for GIS & mapping
    Developer Technology
    Build mapping & spatial analysis applications
    All products

    CAPABILITIES

    Mapping
    See & understand data spatially
    Analytics
    Bring location to analytics
    Data Management
    Manage, enhance & share your GIS data
    All capabilities

    BUY ARCGIS

    User Types
    Role-based access to ArcGIS
    Esri Store
    ArcGIS products from Esri
    How to Buy
    Esri products, partner products & developer subscriptions

    FEATURED SOLUTIONS

    A contour map of a mountain region in shades of green with a red map point connected to a square by a dotted line, indicating how far apart the two are
    ArcGIS for operational intelligence
    ArcGIS for operational intelligence is geospatial software that helps analysts move from strategic to tactical, transforming operations and intelligence data into actionable, real-time insight.
    Explore ArcGIS for operational intelligence

  • INDUSTRIES

    Architecture, Engineering & Construction
    Business
    Conservation
    Education
    Energy Utilities
    Facilities Management
    Health & Human Services
    National Government
    Natural Resources
    Nonprofit
    Public Safety
    Science
    State & Local Government
    Sustainable Development
    Telecommunications
    Transportation
    Water
    All industries

    FEATURED EVENT

    A blond, long-haired presenter dressed in red stands onstage behind a presentation podium against a dark blue background
    Esri Energy Resources GIS Conference

    April 29–May 1, 2025

    Join your peers from the oil and gas, pipeline, and renewable energy sectors to explore trends, get updates on the latest GIS technology, and learn from innovative success stories.
    Learn about the conference

  • Support & Services

    Services Overview
    Technical Support
    Premium Support
    Training
    Consulting Services
    Managed Cloud Services
    Advantage Program

    SELF-SERVICE

    Path to Geospatial Excellence
    Esri Community
    ArcGIS Blog
    Documentation
    My Esri

    CONTACT US

    Contact Support

    FEATURED TRAINING

    A concentration map with multicolored map points scattered across a dark city map with glowing blue roads
    New Certification | ArcGIS Pro Associate 2025
    Validate your expertise in applying the concepts and workflows of ArcGIS Pro with this new technical certification.
    Learn more about the certification

  • ESRI STORIES

    WhereNext Magazine
    Executive-level news and insights
    Esri Blog
    Real-world, global GIS innovation
    Esri & The Science of Where Podcast
    Voices of business and technology leaders
    ArcUser
    Practical, technical resource for ArcGIS users
    ArcNews
    Industry news and ArcGIS updates
    ArcWatch
    Geospatial news, views, and trends
    All stories

    FEATURED STORY

    Three rows of students both seated and standing smiling and posing for a photo in a University common area
    The Bullard Center’s pioneering environmental justice internship
    Students at Texas Southern University gain essential knowledge and skills in GIS software to address pollution and climate change.
    Read the story

  • About Esri

    About Esri
    Esri Programs & Initiatives
    Events
    Partners
    Careers
    Media & Analyst Relations
    Contact us

    About GIS

    What is GIS?
    Geographic Approach

    Commitment to Innovation

    Artificial Intelligence
    Location Intelligence
    Digital Transformation
    Digital Twin

    FEATURED EVENT

    Presenter stands on a darkened stage and holds a remote device for advancing his presentation in one hand
    Geodesign Summit

    April 29–May 1, 2025

    Join us in Redlands, California, to discover exciting innovations in geodesign and GIS technology that help improve sustainability, confront complex challenges, and better plan for our future.
    Learn about the summit
ArcGIS Pro
  • Overview
  • Extensions
    • Exploration and Visualization
    • Imagery
    • Customize and Create
    • Cartography
    • Analytics Data Science
    • Share your Work
    • Launch New Capabilities
    • Developer Tools
    • Data Management
  • Free Trial
  • Resources
    • Pricing
Pricing
  • Home
  • Get Started
  • Help
  • Tool Reference
  • Python
  • SDK
Tool ReferenceGeoprocessing ToolsSpatial Statistics toolbox

An overview of the Spatial Statistics toolbox

An overview of the Spatial Statistics toolbox Spatial Statistics toolbox licensing Spatial Statistics toolbox history Spatial Statistics toolbox sample applications Modeling spatial relationships Best practices for selecting a fixed distance band value What is a z-score? What is a p-value?

Analyzing Patterns toolset

An overview of the Analyzing Patterns toolset Average Nearest Neighbor High Low Clustering (Getis-Ord General G) Incremental Spatial Autocorrelation Multi-Distance Spatial Cluster Analysis (Ripley's K Function) Spatial Autocorrelation (Global Moran's I) Analyzing Patterns toolset concepts

Mapping Clusters toolset

An overview of the Mapping Clusters toolset Build Balanced Zones Calculate Composite Index Cluster and Outlier Analysis (Anselin Local Moran's I) Density-based Clustering Hot Spot Analysis (Getis-Ord Gi*) Hot Spot Analysis Comparison Multivariate Clustering Optimized Hot Spot Analysis Optimized Outlier Analysis Similarity Search Spatial Outlier Detection Spatially Constrained Multivariate Clustering Mapping Clusters toolset concepts

Measuring Geographic Distributions toolset

An overview of the Measuring Geographic Distributions toolset Central Feature Directional Distribution (Standard Deviational Ellipse) Linear Directional Mean Mean Center Median Center Neighborhood Summary Statistics Standard Distance Measuring Geographic Distributions toolset concepts

Modeling Spatial Relationships toolset

An overview of the Modeling Spatial Relationships toolset Colocation Analysis Exploratory Regression Forest-based Classification and Regression Generalized Linear Regression Generate Network Spatial Weights Generate Spatial Weights Matrix Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) Local Bivariate Relationships Multiscale Geographically Weighted Regression (MGWR) Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) Predict Using Spatial Statistics Model File Presence-only Prediction (MaxEnt) Spatial Association Between Zones Modeling Spatial Relationships toolset concepts

Utilities toolset

An overview of the Utilities toolset Calculate Distance Band from Neighbor Count Collect Events Convert Spatial Weights Matrix to Table Describe Spatial Statistics Model File Dimension Reduction Export Feature Attribute To ASCII Set Spatial Statistics Model File Properties Time Series Smoothing Utilities toolset concepts
Back to Top
Back to Top

Residual Histogram

This ArcGIS 3.1 documentation has been archived and is no longer updated. Content and links may be outdated. See the latest documentation.
Histogram of Model Residuals
Model residuals should be normally distributed.
More about Esri and the Science of WhereEsri: The Science of Where
  • FacebookFacebook
  • XTwitter
  • LinkedInLinkedIn
  • Esri CommunityEsri Community
  • InstagramInstagram
  • YouTubeYouTube_30
ArcGIS
  • ArcGIS Overview
  • Mapping
  • ArcGIS Pro
  • ArcGIS Enterprise
  • ArcGIS Online
  • Developer Technology
  • ArcGIS Location Platform
  • Esri Store
  • ArcGIS Architecture Center
Community
  • Esri Community
  • ArcGIS Blog
  • Industry Blog
  • User Research and Testing
  • Esri Young Professionals Network
  • Events
Understanding GIS
  • What is GIS?
  • Location Intelligence
  • Training
  • ArcUser
  • ArcNews
  • ArcWatch
  • Esri Press
  • Esri Videos
Company
  • About Esri
  • Contact Us
  • Careers
  • Open Vision
  • Partners
  • Code of Business Conduct
  • Environmental & Sustainability Statement
Special Programs
  • ArcGIS for Personal Use
  • ArcGIS for Student Use
  • Conservation
  • Disaster Response
  • Education
  • Nonprofit
  • Racial Equity
  • Privacy
  • Accessibility
  • Legal
  • Sitemap
  • Trust Center