| Label | Explanation | Data Type |
Input raster or feature destination data | An integer raster or feature dataset that identifies locations from which the optimal path is determined to the least costly source. If the input is a raster, it must consist of cells that have valid values for the destinations, and the remaining cells must be assigned NoData. Zero is a valid value. | Raster Layer; Feature Layer |
Input distance accumulation raster | The distance accumulation raster is used to determine the optimal path from the sources to the destinations. The distance accumulation raster is usually created with the Distance Accumulation or Distance Allocation tools. Each cell in the distance accumulation raster represents the minimum accumulative cost distance over a surface from each cell to a set of source cells. | Raster Layer |
Input back direction or flow direction raster | The back direction raster contains calculated directions in degrees. The direction identifies the next cell along the optimal path back to the least accumulative cost source while avoiding barriers. The range of values is from 0 degrees to 360 degrees, with 0 reserved for the source cells. Due east (right) is 90, and the values increase clockwise (180 is south, 270 is west, and 360 is north). | Raster Layer |
Output optimal path as feature | The output feature class that is the optimal path or paths. | Feature Class |
Destination field (Optional) | An integer field to be used to obtain values for the destination locations. | Field |
Path type (Optional) | Specifies a keyword defining the manner in which the values and zones on the input destination data will be interpreted in the cost path calculations.
| String |
Create network paths (Optional) | Specifies whether complete, and possibly overlapping, paths from the destinations to the sources are calculated or if nonoverlapping network paths are created.
| Boolean |
Available with Spatial Analyst license.
Summary
Calculates the optimal path from a source to a destination as a line.
Usage
The Optimal Path As Line tool produces an output polyline feature that is the optimal path from the source to the destination.
When the input destination data is a raster, the set of destination cells consists of all cells in the Input raster or feature destination data that have valid values. Cells that have NoData values are not included in the source set. The value zero is considered a legitimate destination. A destination raster can be created using the extraction tools.
When using polygon feature data for the input feature destinations, care must be taken with how the output cell size is handled, particularly when it is coarse relative to the detail present in the input. An internal rasterization process using the Polygon to Raster tool is applied, with a default setting for the Cell assignment type of Cell center. This means that data that is not located at the center of the cell will not be included in the intermediate rasterized destination output, and will not be represented in the distance calculations. For example, if your destinations are a series of small polygons, such as building footprints, that are small relative to the output cell size, it is possible that only a few of them will fall under the centers of the output raster cells, seemingly causing many of the others to be lost in the analysis.
To avoid this situation, as an intermediate step, you could rasterize the input features directly with the Feature to Raster tool and set the Field parameter. Then use the resulting output as input to the particular distance tool you want to use. Alternatively, you could select a small cell size to capture the appropriate amount of detail from the input features.
Prior to generating an optimal path, usually one of the following tools is used to create a distance accumulation raster and a back direction raster: Distance Accumulation or Distance Allocation. These are required inputs to generate an optimal path.
The optimal path created can be a flow path based on D8 flow direction. To generate an optimal path in this way, use a D8 flow direction raster as input for the Input back direction or flow direction raster. You also need to supply an Input distance accumulation raster. If the Create network paths parameter is not enabled then the Input distance accumulation raster is not used to determine the path. Therefore, whether you use a constant raster or a digital elevation model (DEM), your path will be the same; only an attribute value on your path will vary. However, if Create network paths are generated, then the Input distance accumulation raster must be an Output flow accumulation raster. See the Flow Direction tool for more information on D8 flow direction rasters and Flow Accumulation tool to create the accumulation raster.
The output polyline feature has a field called DestID and a field called PathCost. The DestID field identifies to which destination each line leads. The PathCost field shows the total accumulative cost for each path. If the output is written to a file geodatabase, there is a field called shape_length that contains the total length of the least-cost path.
To generate an optimal path, the Cell size environment setting is ignored and the cell size of the Input cost backlink raster is used to calculate the output raster. The pattern of the back link raster would be seriously altered if it were resampled to a different resolution. To avoid any confusion, the cell size should not be set when using this tool.
Parameters
OptimalPathAsLine(in_destination_data, in_distance_accumulation_raster, in_back_direction_raster, out_polyline_features, {destination_field}, {path_type}, {create_network_paths})| Name | Explanation | Data Type |
in_destination_data | An integer raster or feature dataset that identifies locations from which the optimal path is determined to the least costly source. If the input is a raster, it must consist of cells that have valid values for the destinations, and the remaining cells must be assigned NoData. Zero is a valid value. | Raster Layer; Feature Layer |
in_distance_accumulation_raster | The distance accumulation raster is used to determine the optimal path from the sources to the destinations. The distance accumulation raster is usually created with the Distance Accumulation or Distance Allocation tools. Each cell in the distance accumulation raster represents the minimum accumulative cost distance over a surface from each cell to a set of source cells. | Raster Layer |
in_back_direction_raster | The back direction raster contains calculated directions in degrees. The direction identifies the next cell along the optimal path back to the least accumulative cost source while avoiding barriers. The range of values is from 0 degrees to 360 degrees, with 0 reserved for the source cells. Due east (right) is 90, and the values increase clockwise (180 is south, 270 is west, and 360 is north). | Raster Layer |
out_polyline_features | The output feature class that is the optimal path or paths. | Feature Class |
destination_field (Optional) | An integer field to be used to obtain values for the destination locations. | Field |
path_type (Optional) | Specifies a keyword defining the manner in which the values and zones on the input destination data will be interpreted in the cost path calculations.
| String |
create_network_paths (Optional) | Specifies whether complete, and possibly overlapping, paths from the destinations to the sources are calculated or if nonoverlapping network paths are created.
| Boolean |
Code sample
The following Python window script demonstrates how to use this tool.
import arcpy
from arcpy import env
from arcpy.sa import *
env.workspace = "C:/sapyexamples/data"
OptimalPathAsLine("observers.shp", "distaccum.tif", "backdir.tif",
"c:/sapyexamples/output/outOptimalPath01.shp")Calculate the least-cost path from a source to a destination.
# Name: OptimalPathAsLine_Ex_02.py
# Description: Calculates the least-cost path from a source to
# a destination.
# Requirements: Spatial Analyst Extension
# Import system modules
import arcpy
from arcpy import env
from arcpy.sa import *
# Set environment settings
env.workspace = "C:/sapyexamples/data"
# Set local variables
inDestination = "observers.shp"
inDistAccum = "accumraster.tif"
inBackDir = "backdir2.tif"
outPathFeat = "c:/sapyexamples/output.gdb/optimalfeaturepaths02"
destField = "FID"
method = "EACH_CELL"
# Check out the ArcGIS Spatial Analyst extension license
arcpy.CheckOutExtension("Spatial")
# Execute
OptimalPathAsLine(inDestination, inDistAccum, inBackDir,
outPathFeat, destField, method)Environments
Licensing information
- Basic: Requires Spatial Analyst
- Standard: Requires Spatial Analyst
- Advanced: Requires Spatial Analyst