Setting directions

Available with Network Analyst license.

Directions are turn-by-turn instructions on how to navigate a route. They can be created for any route that is generated from a network analysis, as long as the network dataset supports them. The minimum requirements for a network dataset to support directions are as follows:

  • A length attribute with length units
  • At least one edge source
  • At least one text field on the edge source

The directions generated when a route is computed are customizable at the network dataset level. This means that the street names used for reporting directions are stored with the network dataset schema. These settings can be modified to customize the directions.

General

The units used to report directions and the fields used to identify streets can be modified on the General tab.

Modify units used to report directions and fields used to identify streets on the General tab

Attribute mappings

  • Default Length Attribute—Is used to calculate the length of each segment of the route for which the directions are reported. Any cost attribute can be selected as the length attribute. ArcGIS automatically searches through the network attributes and tries to assign the relevant cost attribute.
  • Default Time Attribute—Is used to calculate the time taken to traverse each segment during the reporting of directions.
  • Feature Category—Provides specific directions for different types of roads and other linear features. It is a descriptor attribute of type integer whose values are as follows:

    Road class valueType of road classExample directions text

    1

    Local roads

    Turn left on Main St.

    2

    Highways

    Go east on I-55.

    3

    Ramps

    Take ramp and go on US-59 N.

    4

    Ferries

    Take Lake Expy ferry.

    5

    Roundabouts

    Take roundabout and proceed south on Main St.

    6

    Major roads

    Turn left on Redlands Blvd.

    10

    Walkways

    Turn left.

    11

    Turning arcs

    Turn left and go through M1w Hallway.

    12

    Stairs

    Take the stairs up.

    13

    Escalator

    Take the escalator up.

    14

    Elevator

    Take the elevator up.

    15

    Pedestrian ramp

    Take the ramp up to level 2.

    64

    Transit

    Take public transit.

    128

    Sailing lines

    Ease toward starboard on Mississippihaven.

    Road class values
  • Maneuver Class—Identifies the driving directions to small connecting roads inside of or adjacent to the street intersection. It is a descriptor attribute of type integer whose values are shown in the following table:

    Maneuver class valueManeuver class typeDescription

    0

    Default

    Default value assigned to streets outside of street intersections.

    1

    Intersection Internal

    Street segments internal to an intersection of double-digitized roads.

    2

    Maneuver

    Street segments forming a turning slip lane (often found where streets intersect at a sharp angle).

    Maneuver class values

Auxiliary data sources

  • Signpost Features and Signpost Join Table— Provide the text of the highway signs that a driver would typically see when traveling along the route. This highway sign text usually includes the exit number, name of the road, and the destination where the road leads. This text can be incorporated into the directions text to facilitate navigation—for example, Take ramp and go on US-59 N toward Springfield.

    Learn more about Signpost feature class and Signpost Join Table

  • Road Forks Table— Identify pairs of edges (by EdgeFCID/FID/FrmPos/ToPos) where to explicitly place a driving directions instruction that the road forks.

    Learn more about Road Forks table

Localized names

In this section, you can select the output directions language so that the source feature names (for example, streets and signposts) are reported in the selected language or in all the available languages. The available options are:

  • All languages available in the network dataset
  • Preferred output directions language

Before choosing the Preferred output directions language option, make sure that the Language property in the Field Mappings tab are set up for each primary and alternate name on an edge source. Check the Primary and alternate names section below for requirements for the language field in your data.

Field mappings

The properties on this tab can be used to set up name fields for each edge source in the network that are used in reporting directions.

Primary and alternate names

Name fields can be set up for each edge source in the network. These are the names that are used to report directions. For instance, the name of an edge representing a street (First Ave) is obtained from this field to report directions, such as, "Turn left onto First Ave."

An edge's full name may be contained in one or more fields. For example, some feature classes have directional modifiers (N or S) and types (Ave, St, or Dr). You can use the fields in the Field Mappings tab to map fields to each part of the address. If the entire edge name is contained in one field, fill in the Base Name and Full Name properties with that field.

Fields on the Field Mapping tab

Note:

The Base Name must be specified for at least one edge source.

Some feature classes have alternate names of edges listed in different fields. These can be set up by increasing the Number of Alternate Names value and setting up the Field Mapping properties for each alternate name.

If the edges have names in multiple languages, you can specify a language field for each edge name using the Language property. The language field should be filled in according to the BCP-47 standard, which includes the ISO639-1 language code, which is a two-character language code and optionally a region cost. For example:

en, pr-PT, es, ar

Auxiliary properties

Administrative Area—Some edge sources have an administrative area field that denotes what region each edge is in. For instance, a highway source could have a state field that denotes what state the highway segment is in. This is useful in generating directions such as "Enter California" when crossing the state line. While generating directions, any change in the value of the administrative area value is reported.

Level (From) and Level (To)—The edge sources representing the hallways of a multistory building may have an integer field that indicates the level number of the building where each hallway is located. For example, this field may have a value of 3 for a hallway on the third floor, or a value of -1 for a hallway on the first underground level. This is useful for identifying that all the hallways along a route are on each building's level by number. For transition edges spanning levels, set the From-To field and To-From field to reference the two fields holding the level information for each end of the edge.

Floor Name (From) and Floor Name (To)—The edge sources representing floor transitions within a building, such as elevators, stairways, and escalators, may have a pair of text fields that indicates the names of the floors these transitions connect. For example, there may be a stairway that connects the Mezzanine Level to the Promenade Level. These fields would then have values of "Mezzanine Level" and "Promenade Level".

When generating directions, the Floor Name (To) and Floor Name (From) fields are used together with the numeric Level (From) and Level (To) fields to instruct the reader to go up or down to the appropriate level by its name. In the previous example, generating directions for that stairway will instruct the reader to "Take the stairs down to the Mezzanine Level" or "Take the stairs up to the Promenade Level".

Landmarks

Landmarks are point features designed to represent clearly visible objects along the network. Turn-by-turn directions can reference landmarks to help identify turns and verify that the correct route is being followed.

Network Analyst notes landmarks in directions when landmark feature classes are configured on the network dataset, on the Landmarks tab, and when a route passes within the search tolerance of a landmark feature.

The Landmark tab displays types of landmarks that can be used in turn-by-turn directions

Landmarks are associated with specific edge sources. It's possible to have a landmark near two edge sources, but the landmark will only be referred to in directions when the route traverses the edge source related to the landmark. The subsections below describe the types of landmarks that can be used while directions are generated.

Spatial landmarks

Spatial landmarks are configured to enhance the directions by reporting landmark locations that are specifically near traversed network edge source features. You can specify two types of spatial landmarks using the Add/Remove Spatial Landmarks button:

  • Confirmation Guidance—These are the objects along edges used to reaffirm the navigator is on course; for example, the A-frame building in "Pass by the A-frame building. It will be on your right." is a confirmation landmark.

  • Turn Guidance—Represent objects near junctions that help identify turns; for example, the purple wall in "Turn right at the purple wall" is a turn landmark.

When you are done specifying the spatial landmarks, a table is populated on the Landmarks tab. The fields are common for the confirmation and turn guidance. They are listed and described below:

FieldDescription

Guidance Type

The type of the landmark.

Edge Source

The line feature class that participates as an edge source on which routes are generated.

Custom Tolerance

This field allows you to specify whether the landmark feature class should use a custom search radius or the default, which is 50 feet. You can modify the search tolerance and unit by checking the box next to default tolerance. When a route passes by a landmark within the search radius, it is reported in the directions.

Label Field

The text field in the landmark feature class that describes the landmark. This field might contain values such as Alan's Hardware Store for driving directions or the printer station for walking directions, so that directives might appear as Turn right at Alan's Hardware Store or Pass by the printer station. It will be on your left.

Level Field

This field is typically used with walking directions to associate landmarks with a specific floor level of a building.

Reference landmarks

This table is used to locate landmarks on the network source features when generating directions. Below is the schema of the table:

FieldDescription

ObjectID

Required key field.

LandmarkID

Unique landmark ID. If the same physical landmark is used in multiple records for describing multiple maneuvers, the same landmark ID value should be used for each record.

GuidanceType

Type of landmark:

  • 0—Turn
  • 1—Confirmation
  • 2—Stop Sign
  • 3—Traffic Light
  • 4—Railroad Crossing

Edge1FCID

The feature class ID of the line feature representing the starting edge.

Edge1FID

The feature ID of the line feature representing the starting edge. This field must be indexed.

Edge1FrmPos

The from position along the line feature representing the starting edge.*

Edge1ToPos

The to position along the line feature representing the starting edge.*

Edge1ConfirmationPos

The position along the first line feature that represents the position of the landmark along the feature.

Edge2FCID

The feature class ID of the line feature representing the ending edge.

Edge2FID

The feature ID of the line feature representing the ending edge.

Edge2FrmPos

The from position along the line feature representing the ending edge.*

Edge2ToPos

The to position along the line feature representing the ending edge.*

Importance

Priority of the landmark that is indicated by a number between 1 and 100.

Side

Indicates the side of the edge, relative to the digitized direction, of where the landmark is located:

  • 0—Both
  • 1—Left
  • 2—Right
  • 3—Nothing

Name

The name of the landmark. The name indicated here will only be used if the Phrase field is empty.

NameLng

BCP 47 language tag indicating what language the name of the landmark is in. For languages where the script is understood, the ISO 639-1 language code suffices - e.g., en, fr, de, and so on. For languages where multiple scripts are possible, a script subtag must also be included - e.g., zh-Hans, zh-Hant, and so on.

Phrase

Landmark name used in a prepositional phrase describing where the maneuver is to be performed relative to the landmark. The phrase uses the preposition, article, and object as appropriately phrased in the given language's grammar. For example, at the red Church, bei der roten Kirche, à l'église rouge, and so on.

* Notes regarding the from-position and to-position values:

  • For travel along the edge in the digitized direction of the line feature, the from-position value is less than the to-position value.
  • For travel opposite the digitized direction of the line feature, the from-position value is greater than the to-position value.
  • For line features not logically split midspan to create multiple edge elements, the from-position and to-position values are set to 0.0 and 1.0, respectively. Otherwise, these values are set to the fractional values where the logical splits occur for the edge element.

Learn more about indexing an attribute