Summary
Solves a vehicle routing problem (VRP) to find the best routes for a fleet of vehicles.
A dispatcher managing a fleet of vehicles is often required to make decisions about vehicle routing. One such decision involves how to best assign a group of customers to a fleet of vehicles and to sequence and schedule their visits. The objectives in solving such VRPs are to provide a high level of customer service by honoring any time windows while keeping the overall operating and investment costs for each route as low as possible. The constraints are to complete the routes with available resources and within the time limits imposed by driver work shifts, driving speeds, and customer commitments.
This service can be used to determine solutions for such complex fleet management tasks.
Consider an example of delivering goods to grocery stores from a central warehouse location. A fleet of three trucks is available at the warehouse. The warehouse operates only within a certain time window—from 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m.—during which all trucks must return to the warehouse. Each truck has a capacity of 15,000 pounds, which limits the amount of goods it can carry. Each store has a demand for a specific amount of goods (in pounds) that needs to be delivered, and each store has time windows that confine when deliveries can be made. Furthermore, a driver can work only eight hours per day, requires a break for lunch, and is paid for the time spent driving and servicing the stores. The goal is to come up with an itinerary for each driver (or route) so the deliveries can be made while honoring all the service requirements and minimizing the total time spent on a particular route by a driver. The image below shows three routes obtained by solving the above vehicle routing problem.
Illustration
Usage
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The Solve Vehicle Routing Problem tool generate routes for fleets of vehicles that need to visit many orders for deliveries, pickups, or service calls. The tool runs in asynchronous mode and is well-suited for larger problems that take longer to solve.
Tools in the Ready To Use toolbox areArcGIS Online geoprocessing services that use hosted data and analysis capabilities in ArcGIS Online.
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You can add up to 2,000 orders and 100 routes. Also, a maximum of 200 orders can be assigned to one route.
You can add up to 250 point barriers. You can add any number of line or polygon barriers, but line barriers cannot intersect more than 500 street features, and polygon barriers cannot intersect more than 2,000 features.
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Regardless of whether the use_hierarchy_in_analysis parameter is checked (True), hierarchy is always used when the straight-line distance between orders, depots, or orders and depots is greater than 50 miles (80.46 kilometers).
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The straight-line distance between any orders or depots cannot be greater than 27 miles (43.45 kilometers) when travel_mode is set to Walking or when it is set to Custom and the Walking restriction is used.
If the distance between an input point and its nearest traversable street is more than 12.42 miles (20 kilometers), the point is excluded from the analysis.
Using this service consumes credits. For more information, see Service Credits Overview.
Syntax
arcpy.agolservices.SolveVehicleRoutingProblem(orders, depots, routes, breaks, time_units, distance_units, {analysis_region}, {default_date}, {uturn_policy}, {time_window_factor}, {spatially_cluster_routes}, {route_zones}, {route_renewals}, {order_pairs}, {excess_transit_factor}, {point_barriers}, {line_barriers}, {polygon_barriers}, {use_hierarchy_in_analysis}, restrictions, {attribute_parameter_values}, {populate_route_lines}, {route_line_simplification_tolerance}, {populate_directions}, {directions_language}, {directions_style_name}, {travel_mode}, {impedance}, {time_zone_usage_for_time_fields}, {save_output_layer}, {overrides}, {save_route_data}, {time_impedance}, {distance_impedance}, {populate_stop_shapes}, {output_format}, {ignore_invalid_order_locations})| Parameter | Explanation | Data Type |
orders | Specifies one or more locations that the routes of the VRP analysis will visit. An order can represent a delivery (for example, furniture delivery), a pickup (such as an airport shuttle bus picking up a passenger), or some type of service or inspection (a tree trimming job or building inspection, for instance). When specifying the orders, you can set properties for each—such as its name or service time—using the following attributes: ObjectID The system-managed ID field. Name The name of the order. The name must be unique. If the name is left null, a name is automatically generated at solve time. Description The descriptive information about the order. This can contain any textual information for the order and has no restrictions for uniqueness. You may want to store a client's ID number in the Name field and the client's actual name or address in the Description field. ServiceTime This property specifies the amount of time that will be spent at the network location when the route visits it; that is, it stores the impedance value for the network location. A zero or null value indicates that the network location requires no service time. The unit for this field value is specified by the time_units parameter. TimeWindowStart1 The beginning time of the first time window for the network location. This field can contain a null value; a null value indicates no beginning time. A time window only states when a vehicle can arrive at an order; it doesn't state when the service time must be completed. To account for service time and departure before the time window ends, subtract ServiceTime from the TimeWindowEnd1 field. The time window fields (TimeWindowStart1, TimeWindowEnd1, TimeWindowStart2, and TimeWindowEnd2) can contain a time-only value or a date and time value in a date field and cannot be integers representing milliseconds since epoch. The time zone for time window fields is specified using the time_zone_usage_for_time_fields parameter. If a time field such as TimeWindowStart1 has a time-only value (for example, 8:00 a.m.), the date is assumed to be the default date set for the analysis. Using date and time values (for example, 7/11/2010 8:00 a.m.) allows you to set time windows that span multiple days. When solving a problem that spans multiple time zones, each order's time-window values refer to the time zone in which the order is located. TimeWindowEnd1 The ending time of the first window for the network location. This field can contain a null value; a null value indicates no ending time. TimeWindowStart2 The beginning time of the second time window for the network location. This field can contain a null value; a null value indicates that there is no second time window. If the first time window is null as specified by the TimeWindowStart1 and TimeWindowEnd1 fields, the second time window must also be null. If both time windows are non null, they can't overlap. Also, the second time window must occur after the first. TimeWindowEnd2 The ending time of the second time window for the network location. This field can contain a null value. When TimeWindowStart2 and TimeWindowEnd2 are both null, there is no second time window. When TimeWindowStart2 is not null but TimeWindowEnd2 is null, there is a second time window that has a starting time but no ending time. This is valid. MaxViolationTime1 A time window is considered violated if the arrival time occurs after the time window has ended. This field specifies the maximum allowable violation time for the first time window of the order. It can contain a zero value but can't contain negative values. A zero value indicates that a time window violation at the first time window of the order is unacceptable; that is, the first time window is hard. Conversely, a null value indicates that there is no limit on the allowable violation time. A nonzero value specifies the maximum amount of lateness; for example, a route can arrive at an order up to 30 minutes beyond the end of its first time window. The unit for this field value is specified by the Time Field Units parameter Time window violations can be tracked and weighted by the solver. Consequently, you can direct the VRP solver to do one of the following:
By assigning an importance level for the Time Window Violation Importance parameter, you are essentially choosing one of these options. In any case, however, the solver will return an error if the value set for MaxViolationTime1 is surpassed. MaxViolationTime2 The maximum allowable violation time for the second time window of the order. This field is analogous to the MaxViolationTime1 field. InboundArriveTime Defines when the item to be delivered to the order will be ready at the starting depot. The order can be assigned to a route only if the inbound arrive time precedes the route's latest start time value; this way, the route cannot leave the depot before the item is ready to be loaded onto it. This field can help model scenarios involving inbound-wave transshipments. For example, a job at an order requires special materials that are not currently available at the depot. The materials are being shipped from another location and will arrive at the depot at 11:00 a.m. To ensure a route that leaves before the shipment arrives isn't assigned to the order, the order's inbound arrive time is set to 11:00 a.m. The special materials arrive at 11:00 a.m., they are loaded onto the vehicle, and the vehicle departs from the depot to visit its assigned orders. Notes:
OutboundDepartTime Defines when the item to be picked up at the order must arrive at the ending depot. The order can be assigned to a route only if the route can visit the order and reach its end depot before the specified outbound depart time. This field can help model scenarios involving outbound-wave transshipments. For instance, a shipping company sends out delivery trucks to pick up packages from orders and bring them into a depot where they are forwarded on to other facilities, en route to their final destination. At 3:00 p.m. every day, a semitrailer stops at the depot to pick up the high-priority packages and take them directly to a central processing station. To avoid delaying the high-priority packages until the next day's 3:00 p.m. trip, the shipping company tries to have delivery trucks pick up the high-priority packages from orders and bring them to the depot before the 3:00 p.m. deadline. This is done by setting the outbound depart time to 3:00 p.m. Notes:
DeliveryQuantities The size of the delivery. You can specify size in any dimension, such as weight, volume, or quantity. You can also specify multiple dimensions, for example, weight and volume. Enter delivery quantities without indicating units. For example, if a 300-pound object needs to be delivered to an order, enter 300. You will need to remember that the value is in pounds. If you are tracking multiple dimensions, separate the numeric values with a space. For example, if you are recording the weight and volume of a delivery that weighs 2,000 pounds and has a volume of 100 cubic feet, enter 2000 100. Again, you need to remember the units—in this case, pounds and cubic feet. You also need to remember the sequence in which the values and their corresponding units are entered. Make sure that Capacities for Routes and DeliveryQuantities and PickupQuantities for Orders are specified in the same manner; that is, the values must be in the same units. If you are using multiple dimensions, the dimensions must be listed in the same sequence for all parameters. For example, if you specify weight in pounds, followed by volume in cubic feet for DeliveryQuantities, the capacity of your routes and the pickup quantities of your orders must be specified the same way: weight in pounds, then volume in cubic feet. If you combine units or change the sequence, you will get unwanted results with no warning messages. An empty string or null value is equivalent to all dimensions being zero. If the string has an insufficient number of values in relation to the capacity count or dimensions being tracked, the remaining values are treated as zeros. Delivery quantities can't be negative. PickupQuantities The size of the pickup. You can specify size in any dimension, such as weight, volume, or quantity. You can also specify multiple dimensions, for example, weight and volume. You cannot, however, use negative values. This field is analogous to the DeliveryQuantities field of Orders. In the case of an exchange visit, an order can have both delivery and pickup quantities. Revenue The income generated if the order is included in a solution. This field can contain a null value—a null value indicates zero revenue—but it can't have a negative value. Revenue is included in optimizing the objective function value but is not part of the solution's operating cost; that is, the TotalCost field in the routes never includes revenue in its output. However, revenue weights the relative importance of servicing orders. Revenue is included in optimizing the objective function value but is not part of the solution's operating cost; that is, the TotalCost field in the route class never includes revenue in its output. However, revenue weights the relative importance of servicing orders. SpecialtyNames A space-separated string containing the names of the specialties required by the order. A null value indicates that the order doesn't require specialties. The spelling of any specialties listed in the Orders and Routes classes must match exactly so that the VRP solver can link them together. To illustrate what specialties are and how they work, assume a lawn care and tree trimming company has a portion of its orders that requires a bucket truck to trim tall trees. The company enters BucketTruck in the SpecialtyNames field for these orders to indicate their special need. SpecialtyNames is left null for the other orders. Similarly, the company also enters BucketTruck in the SpecialtyNames field of routes that are driven by trucks with hydraulic booms. It leaves the field null for the other routes. At solve time, the VRP solver assigns orders without special needs to any route, but it only assigns orders that need bucket trucks to routes that have them. AssignmentRule Specifies the rule for assigning the order to a route. The field value is specified as one of the following integers (use the numeric code, not the name in parentheses):
This field can't contain a null value. CurbApproach Specifies the direction a vehicle may arrive at and depart from the order. The field value is specified as one of the following integers (use the numeric code, not the name in parentheses):
The CurbApproach attribute is designed to work with both kinds of national driving standards: right-hand traffic (United States) and left-hand traffic (United Kingdom). First, consider an order on the left side of a vehicle. It is always on the left side regardless of whether the vehicle travels on the left or right half of the road. What may change with national driving standards is your decision to approach an order from one of two directions, that is, so it ends up on the right or left side of the vehicle. For example, if you want to arrive at an order and not have a lane of traffic between the vehicle and the order, choose 1 (Right side of vehicle) in the United States and 2 (Left side of vehicle) in the United Kingdom. RouteName The name of the route to which the order is assigned. This field is used to preassign an order to a specific route. It can contain a null value, indicating that the order is not preassigned to any route, and the solver identifies the best possible route assignment for the order. If this is set to null, the Sequence field must also be set to null. After a solve operation, if the order is routed, the RouteName field contains the name of the route to which the order is assigned. Sequence This indicates the sequence of the order on its assigned route. This field is used to specify the relative sequence of an order on the route. This field can contain a null value specifying that the order can be placed anywhere along the route. A null value can only occur together with a null RouteName value. The input sequence values are positive and unique for each route (shared across renewal depot visits, orders, and breaks) but do not need to start from 1 or be contiguous. After a solve operation, the Sequence field contains the sequence value of the order on its assigned route. Output sequence values for a route are shared across depot visits, orders, and breaks; start from 1 (at the starting depot); and are consecutive. The smallest possible output sequence value for a routed order is 2, since a route always begins at a depot. Bearing The direction in which a point is moving. The units are degrees and are measured clockwise from true north. This field is used in conjunction with the BearingTol field. Bearing data is usually sent automatically from a mobile device equipped with a GPS receiver. Try to include bearing data if you are loading an input location that is moving, such as a pedestrian or a vehicle. Using this field tends to prevent adding locations to the wrong edges, which can occur when a vehicle is near an intersection or an overpass, for example. Bearing also helps the tool determine on which side of the street the point is. Learn more about bearing and bearing tolerance BearingTol The bearing tolerance value creates a range of acceptable bearing values when locating moving points on an edge using the Bearing field. If the value from the Bearing field is within the range of acceptable values that are generated from the bearing tolerance on an edge, the point can be added as a network location there; otherwise, the closest point on the next-nearest edge is evaluated. The units are in degrees, and the default value is 30. Values must be greater than 0 and less than 180. A value of 30 means that when Network Analyst attempts to add a network location on an edge, a range of acceptable bearing values is generated 15 degrees to either side of the edge (left and right) and in both digitized directions of the edge. Learn more about bearing and bearing tolerance NavLatency This field is only used in the solve process if Bearing and BearingTol also have values; however, entering a NavLatency value is optional, even when values are present in Bearing and BearingTol. NavLatency indicates how much cost is expected to elapse from the moment GPS information is sent from a moving vehicle to a server and the moment the processed route is received by the vehicle's navigation device. The units of NavLatency are the same as the units of the impedance attribute. | Feature Set |
depots |
Specifies one or more depots for the given vehicle routing problem. A depot is a location that a vehicle departs from at the beginning of its workday and returns to at the end of the workday. Vehicles are loaded (for deliveries) or unloaded (for pickups) at depots at the start of the route. In some cases, a depot can also act as a renewal location whereby the vehicle can unload or reload and continue performing deliveries and pickups. A depot has open and close times, as specified by a hard time window. Vehicles can't arrive at a depot outside of this time window. When specifying the depots, you can set properties for each—such as its name or service time—using the following attributes: ObjectID The system-managed ID field. Name The name of the depot. The StartDepotName and EndDepotName fields on routes reference the names you specify here. It is also referenced by the route renewals, when used. Depot names are not case sensitive but must be nonempty and unique. Description The descriptive information about the depot location. This can contain any textual information and has no restrictions for uniqueness. For example, if you want to note which region a depot is in or the depot's address and telephone number, you can enter the information here rather than in the Name field. TimeWindowStart1 The beginning time of the first time window for the network location. This field can contain a null value; a null value indicates no beginning time. The time window fields (TimeWindowStart1, TimeWindowEnd1, TimeWindowStart2, and TimeWindowEnd2) can contain a time-only value or a date and time value in a date field and cannot be integers representing milliseconds since epoch. The time zone for time window fields is specified using the time_zone_usage_for_time_fields parameter. If a time field such as TimeWindowStart1 has a time-only value (for example, 8:00 a.m.), the date is assumed to be the default date set for the analysis. Using date and time values (for example, 7/11/2010 8:00 a.m.) allows you to set time windows that span multiple days. When solving a problem that spans multiple time zones, each depot's time-window values refer to the time zone in which the depot is located. TimeWindowEnd1 The ending time of the first window for the network location. This field can contain a null value; a null value indicates no ending time. TimeWindowStart2 The beginning time of the second time window for the network location. This field can contain a null value; a null value indicates that there is no second time window. If the first time window is null, as specified by the TimeWindowStart1 and TimeWindowEnd1 fields, the second time window must also be null. If both time windows are not null, they can't overlap. Also, the second time window must occur after the first. TimeWindowEnd2 The ending time of the second time window for the network location. This field can contain a null value. When TimeWindowStart2 and TimeWindowEnd2 are both null, there is no second time window. When TimeWindowStart2 is not null but TimeWindowEnd2 is null, there is a second time window that has a starting time but no ending time. This is valid. CurbApproach
The CurbApproach attribute is designed to work with both kinds of national driving standards: right-hand traffic (United States) and left-hand traffic (United Kingdom). First, consider a depot on the left side of a vehicle. It is always on the left side regardless of whether the vehicle travels on the left or right half of the road. What may change with national driving standards is your decision to approach a depot from one of two directions, that is, so it ends up on the right or left side of the vehicle. For example, if you want to arrive at a depot and not have a lane of traffic between the vehicle and the depot, choose 1 (Right side of vehicle) in the United States and 2 (Left side of vehicle) in the United Kingdom. Bearing The direction in which a point is moving. The units are degrees and are measured clockwise from true north. This field is used in conjunction with the BearingTol field. Bearing data is usually sent automatically from a mobile device equipped with a GPS receiver. Try to include bearing data if you are loading an input location that is moving, such as a pedestrian or a vehicle. Using this field tends to prevent adding locations to the wrong edges, which can occur when a vehicle is near an intersection or an overpass, for example. Bearing also helps the tool determine on which side of the street the point is. Learn more about bearing and bearing tolerance BearingTol The bearing tolerance value creates a range of acceptable bearing values when locating moving points on an edge using the Bearing field. If the value from the Bearing field is within the range of acceptable values that are generated from the bearing tolerance on an edge, the point can be added as a network location there; otherwise, the closest point on the next-nearest edge is evaluated. The units are in degrees, and the default value is 30. Values must be greater than 0 and less than 180. A value of 30 means that when Network Analyst attempts to add a network location on an edge, a range of acceptable bearing values is generated 15 degrees to either side of the edge (left and right) and in both digitized directions of the edge. Learn more about bearing and bearing tolerance NavLatency This field is only used in the solve process if Bearing and BearingTol also have values; however, entering a NavLatency value is optional, even when values are present in Bearing and BearingTol. NavLatency indicates how much cost is expected to elapse from the moment GPS information is sent from a moving vehicle to a server and the moment the processed route is received by the vehicle's navigation device. The units of NavLatency are the same as the units of the impedance attribute. | Feature Set |
routes |
Specifies one or more routes that describe vehicle and driver characteristics. A route can have start and end depot service times, a fixed or flexible starting time, time-based operating costs, distance-based operating costs, multiple capacities, various constraints on a driver's workday, and so on. The routes can be specified with the following attributes: Name The name of the route. The name must be unique. The tool generates a unique name at solve time if the field value is null; therefore, entering a value is optional in most cases. However, you must enter a name if your analysis includes breaks, route renewals, route zones, or orders that are preassigned to a route because the route name is used as a foreign key in these cases. Route names not are case sensitive. StartDepotName The name of the starting depot for the route. This field is a foreign key to the Name field in Depots. If the StartDepotName value is null, the route will begin from the first order assigned. Omitting the start depot is useful when the vehicle's starting location is unknown or irrelevant to your problem. However, when StartDepotName is null, EndDepotName cannot also be null. Virtual start depots are not allowed if orders or depots are in multiple time zones. If the route is making deliveries and StartDepotName is null, it is assumed the cargo is loaded on the vehicle at a virtual depot before the route begins. For a route that has no renewal visits, its delivery orders (those with nonzero DeliveryQuantities values in Orders) are loaded at the start depot or virtual depot. For a route that has renewal visits, only the delivery orders before the first renewal visit are loaded at the start depot or virtual depot. EndDepotName The name of the ending depot for the route. This field is a foreign key to the Name field in Depots. StartDepotServiceTime The service time at the starting depot. This can be used to model the time spent loading the vehicle. This field can contain a null value; a null value indicates zero service time. The unit for this field value is specified by the Time Field Units parameter. The service times at the start and end depots are fixed values (given by the StartDepotServiceTime and EndDepotServiceTime field values) and do not take into account the actual load for a route. For example, the time taken to load a vehicle at the starting depot may depend on the size of the orders. The depot service times can be assigned values corresponding to a full truckload or an average truckload, or you can make your own time estimate. EndDepotServiceTime The service time at the ending depot. This can be used to model the time spent unloading the vehicle. This field can contain a null value; a null value indicates zero service time. The unit for this field value is specified by the Time Field Units parameter. The service times at the start and end depots are fixed values (given by the StartDepotServiceTime and EndDepotServiceTime field values) and do not take into account the actual load for a route. For example, the time taken to load a vehicle at the starting depot may depend on the size of the orders. The depot service times can be assigned values corresponding to a full truckload or an average truckload, or you can make your own time estimate. EarliestStartTime The earliest allowable starting time for the route. This is used by the solver in conjunction with the time window of the starting depot for determining feasible route start times. This field can't contain null values and has a default time-only value of 8:00 AM. The default value is interpreted as 8:00 a.m. on the default date set for the analysis. When solving a problem that spans multiple time zones, the time zone for EarliestStartTime is the same as the time zone in which the starting depot is located. LatestStartTime The latest allowable starting time for the route. This field can't contain null values and has a default time-only value of 10:00 AM. The default value is interpreted as 10:00 a.m. on the default date set for the analysis. When solving a problem that spans multiple time zones, the time zone for LatestStartTime is the same as the time zone in which the starting depot is located. ArriveDepartDelay This field stores the amount of travel time needed to accelerate the vehicle to normal travel speeds, decelerate it to a stop, and move it off and on the network (for example, in and out of parking). By including an ArriveDepartDelay value, the VRP solver is deterred from sending many routes to service physically coincident orders. The cost for this property is incurred between visits to noncoincident orders, depots, and route renewals. For example, when a route starts from a depot and visits the first order, the total arrive/depart delay is added to the travel time. The same is true when traveling from the first order to the second order. If the second and third orders are coincident, the ArriveDepartDelay value is not added between them since the vehicle doesn't need to move. If the route travels to a route renewal, the value is added to the travel time again. Although a vehicle must slow down and stop for a break and accelerate afterward, the VRP solver cannot add the ArriveDepartDelay value for breaks. This means that if a route leaves an order, stops for a break, and continues to the next order, the arrive/depart delay is added only once, not twice. For example, assume there are five coincident orders in a high-rise building, and they are serviced by three different routes. This means three arrive/depart delays are incurred; that is, three drivers need to separately find parking places and enter the same building. However, if the orders can be serviced by one route instead, only one driver needs to park and enter the building, and only one arrive/depart delay is incurred. Since the VRP solver tries to minimize cost, it attempts to limit the arrive/depart delays and thus identify the single-route option. (Note that multiple routes may need to be sent when other constraints—such as specialties, time windows, or capacities—require it.) The unit for this field value is specified by the time_units parameter. Capacities The maximum capacity of the vehicle. You can specify capacity in any dimension, such as weight, volume, or quantity. You can also specify multiple dimensions, for example, weight and volume. Enter capacities without indicating units. For example, if your vehicle can carry a maximum of 40,000 pounds, enter 40000. You need to remember that the value is in pounds. If you are tracking multiple dimensions, separate the numeric values with a space. For example, if you are recording the weight and volume of a delivery that weighs 2,000 pounds and has a volume of 100 cubic feet, enter 2000 100. Again, you need to remember the units—in this case, pounds and cubic feet. You also need to remember the sequence in which the values and their corresponding units are entered. Remembering the units and the unit sequence is important for a couple of reasons: first, so you can reinterpret the information later; second, so you can properly enter values for the DeliveryQuantities and PickupQuantities fields for the orders. Note that the VRP solver simultaneously refers to Capacities, DeliveryQuantities, and PickupQuantities to verify that a route doesn't become overloaded. Units can't be entered in the field and the VRP tool can't make unit conversions. You must enter the values for the three fields using the same units and the same unit sequence to ensure that the values are correctly interpreted. If you combine units or change the sequence in any of the three fields, unwanted results occur with no warning messages. It is recommended that you set up a unit and unit-sequence standard beforehand and continually refer to it when you enter values for these three fields. An empty string or null value is equivalent to all values being zero. Capacity values can't be negative. If the Capacities field has an insufficient number of values in relation to the DeliveryQuantities or PickupQuantities field for orders, the remaining values are treated as zero. The VRP solver only performs a simple Boolean test to determine whether capacities are exceeded. If a route's capacity value is greater than or equal to the total quantity being carried, the VRP solver will assume the cargo fits in the vehicle. This could be incorrect, depending on the actual shape of the cargo and the vehicle. For example, the VRP solver allows you to fit a 1,000-cubic-foot sphere into a 1,000-cubic-foot truck that is 8 feet wide. In reality, however, since the sphere is 12.6 feet in diameter, it won't fit in the 8-foot wide truck. FixedCost A fixed monetary cost that is incurred only if the route is used in a solution (that is, it has orders assigned to it). This field can contain null values; a null value indicates zero fixed cost. This cost is part of the total route operating cost. CostPerUnitTime The monetary cost incurred—per unit of work time—for the total route duration, including travel times as well as service times and wait times at orders, depots, and breaks. This field can't contain a null value and has a default value of 1.0. The unit for this field value is specified by the time_units parameter. CostPerUnitDistance The monetary cost incurred—per unit of distance traveled—for the route length (total travel distance). This field can contain null values; a null value indicates zero cost. The unit for this field value is specified by the distance_units parameter. OvertimeStartTime The duration of regular work time before overtime computation begins. This field can contain null values; a null value indicates that overtime does not apply. The unit for this field value is specified by the time_units parameter. For example, if the driver is to be paid overtime when the total route duration extends beyond eight hours, OvertimeStartTime is specified as 480 (8 hours * 60 minutes/hour), given the time units are minutes. CostPerUnitOvertime The monetary cost incurred per time unit of overtime work. This field can contain null values; a null value indicates that the CostPerUnitOvertime value is the same as the CostPerUnitTime value. MaxOrderCount The maximum allowable number of orders on the route. This field can't contain null values and has a default value of 30. MaxTotalTime The maximum allowable route duration. The route duration includes travel times as well as service and wait times at orders, depots, and breaks. This field can contain null values; a null value indicates that there is no constraint on the route duration. The unit for this field value is specified by the time_units parameter. MaxTotalTravelTime The maximum allowable travel time for the route. The travel time includes only the time spent driving on the network and does not include service or wait times. This field can contain null values; a null value indicates that there is no constraint on the maximum allowable travel time. This field value can't be larger than the MaxTotalTime field value. The unit for this field value is specified by the time_units parameter. MaxTotalDistance The maximum allowable travel distance for the route. The unit for this field value is specified by the distance_units parameter. This field can contain null values; a null value indicates that there is no constraint on the maximum allowable travel distance. SpecialtyNames A space-separated string containing the names of the specialties required by the order. A null value indicates that the order doesn't require specialties. The spelling of any specialties listed in the Orders and Routes classes must match exactly so that the VRP solver can link them together. To illustrate what specialties are and how they work, assume a lawn care and tree trimming company has a portion of its orders that requires a bucket truck to trim tall trees. The company enters BucketTruck in the SpecialtyNames field for these orders to indicate their special need. SpecialtyNames is left null for the other orders. Similarly, the company also enters BucketTruck in the SpecialtyNames field of routes that are driven by trucks with hydraulic booms. It leaves the field null for the other routes. At solve time, the VRP solver assigns orders without special needs to any route, but it only assigns orders that need bucket trucks to routes that have them. AssignmentRule Specifies the rule for assigning the order to a route. The field value is specified as one of the following integers (use the numeric code, not the name in parentheses): This field can't contain a null value.
| Record Set |
breaks | These are the rest periods, or breaks, for the routes in a given vehicle routing problem. A break is associated with exactly one route and can be taken after completing an order, while en route to an order, or prior to servicing an order. It has a start time and a duration for which the driver may or may not be paid. There are three options for establishing when a break begins: a time window, a maximum travel time, or a maximum work time. Time-window breaks are not allowed if orders or depots are in multiple time zones unless times are in UTC. When specifying the breaks, you can set properties for each—such as its name or service time—using the following attributes: ObjectID The system-managed ID field. RouteName The name of the route to which the break applies. Although a break is assigned to exactly one route, many breaks can be assigned to the same route. This field is a foreign key to the Name field in the routes, so it can't have a null value. Precedence Precedence values sequence the breaks of a given route. Breaks with a precedence value of 1 occur before those with a value of 2, and so on. All breaks must have a precedence value, regardless of whether they are time-window, maximum-travel-time, or maximum-work-time breaks. ServiceTime The duration of the break. This field can't contain null values. The default value is 60. The unit for this field value is specified by the time_units parameter. TimeWindowStart The starting time of the break's time window. Both a starting time and end time must be specified. If this field has a value, the MaxTravelTimeBetweenBreaks and MaxCumulWorkTime field values must be null, and all other breaks in the analysis must have null values for MaxTravelTimeBetweenBreaks and MaxCumulWorkTime. An error will occur at solve time if a route has multiple breaks with overlapping time windows. The time window fields in breaks can contain a time-only value or a date and time value in a date field and not as integers representing milliseconds since epoch. The time zone for time window fields is specified using the time_zone_usage_for_time_fields parameter. If a time field, such as TimeWindowStart, has a time-only value (for example, 12:00 p.m.), the date is assumed to be the date specified by the Default Date parameter (default_date in Python). Using date and time values (for example, 7/11/2012, 12:00 p.m.) allows you to specify time windows that span two or more days. This is beneficial when a break should be taken sometime before and after midnight. TimeWindowEnd The ending time of the break's time window. Both a starting time and end time must be specified. If this field has a value, MaxTravelTimeBetweenBreaks and MaxCumulWorkTime must be null, and all other breaks in the analysis must have null values for MaxTravelTimeBetweenBreaks and MaxCumulWorkTime. MaxViolationTime This field specifies the maximum allowable violation time for a time-window break. A time window is considered violated if the arrival time falls outside the time range. A zero value indicates that the time window cannot be violated; that is, the time window is hard. A nonzero value specifies the maximum amount of lateness. For example, the break can begin up to 30 minutes beyond the end of its time window, but the lateness is penalized pursuant to the Time Window Violation Importance parameter. This property can be null. A null value with TimeWindowStart and TimeWindowEnd values indicates that there is no limit on the allowable violation time. If MaxTravelTimeBetweenBreaks or MaxCumulWorkTime has a value, MaxViolationTime must be null. The unit for this field value is specified by the time_units parameter. MaxTravelTimeBetweenBreaks The maximum amount of travel time that can be accumulated before the break is taken. The travel time is accumulated either from the end of the previous break or, if a break has not yet been taken, from the start of the route. If this is the route's final break, MaxTravelTimeBetweenBreaks also indicates the maximum travel time that can be accumulated from the final break to the end depot. This field is designed to limit how long a person can drive until a break is required. For instance, if the time unit for the analysis is set to minutes, and MaxTravelTimeBetweenBreaks has a value of 120, the driver will get a break after two hours of driving. To assign a second break after two more hours of driving, the second break's MaxTravelTimeBetweenBreaks property must be 120. If this field has a value, TimeWindowStart, TimeWindowEnd, MaxViolationTime, and MaxCumulWorkTime must be null for an analysis to solve successfully. The unit for this field value is specified by the time_units parameter. MaxCumulWorkTime The maximum amount of work time that can be accumulated before the break is taken. Work time is always accumulated from the beginning of the route. Work time is the sum of travel time and service times at orders, depots, and breaks. Note, however, that this excludes wait time, which is the time a route (or driver) spends waiting at an order or depot for a time window to begin. This field limits how long a person can work until a break is required. For example, if the time unit for the analysis is set to minutes, MaxCumulWorkTime has a value of 120, and ServiceTime has a value of 15, the driver will get a 15-minute break after two hours of work. Continuing with the last example, assume a second break is needed after three more hours of work. To specify this break, enter 315 (five hours and 15 minutes) as the second break's MaxCumulWorkTime value. This number includes the MaxCumulWorkTime and ServiceTime values of the preceding break, along with the three additional hours of work time before granting the second break. To avoid taking maximum-work-time breaks prematurely, remember that they accumulate work time from the beginning of the route and that work time includes the service time at previously visited depots, orders, and breaks. If this field has a value, TimeWindowStart, TimeWindowEnd, MaxViolationTime, and MaxTravelTimeBetweenBreaks must be null for an analysis to solve successfully. The unit for this field value is specified by the time_units parameter. IsPaid A Boolean value indicating whether the break is paid or unpaid. Setting this field value to 1 indicates that the time spent at the break is included in the route cost computation and overtime determination. A value of 0 indicates otherwise. The default value is 1. Sequence Indicates the sequence of the break on its route. This field can contain null values, which causes the solver to assign the break sequence. If sequence values are specified, they should be positive and unique for each route (shared across renewal depot visits, orders, and breaks) but need not start from 1 or be contiguous. | Record Set |
time_units | The time units for all time-based field values in the analysis. Many features and records in a VRP analysis have fields for storing time values, such as ServiceTime for orders and CostPerUnitTime for routes. To minimize data entry requirements, these field values don't include units. Instead, all distance-based field values must be entered in the same units, and this parameter is used to specify the units of those values.
Note that output time-based fields use the same units specified by this parameter. | String |
distance_units | The distance units for all distance-based field values in the analysis. Many features and records in a VRP analysis have fields for storing distance values, such as MaxTotalDistance and CostPerUnitDistance for routes. To minimize data entry requirements, these field values don't include units. Instead, all distance-based field values must be entered in the same units, and this parameter is used to specify the units of those values.
Note that output distance-based fields use the same units specified by this parameter. | String |
analysis_region (Optional) | The region in which the analysis will be performed. If a value is not specified for this parameter, the tool will automatically calculate the region name based on the location of the input points. Setting the name of the region is required only if the automatic detection of the region name is not accurate for your inputs. To specify a region, use one of the following values:
Legacy:The following region names are no longer supported and will be removed in future releases. If you specify one of the deprecated region names, the tool automatically assigns a supported region name for your region.
| String |
default_date (Optional) | The default date for time field values that specify a time of day without including a date. You can find these time fields in various input parameters, such as the ServiceTime attributes in the orders and breaks parameters. | Date |
uturn_policy (Optional) | Specifies whether to restrict or permit the service area to make U-turns at junctions. To understand the parameter values, consider the following terminology: a junction is a point where a street segment ends and potentially connects to one or more other segments; a pseudojunction is a point where exactly two streets connect to one another; an intersection is a point where three or more streets connect; and a dead end is where one street segment ends without connecting to another.
The value you provide for this parameter is ignored unless Travel Mode is set to Custom, which is the default value. | String |
time_window_factor (Optional) | Specifies the importance of honoring time windows.
| String |
spatially_cluster_routes (Optional) | Specifies whether routes will be spatially clustered.
| Boolean |
route_zones (Optional) | Delineates work territories for given routes. A route zone is a polygon feature used to constrain routes to servicing only those orders that fall within or near the specified area. The following are examples of when route zones may be useful:
When specifying the route zones, you must set properties for each—such as its associated route—using the following attributes: ObjectID The system-managed ID field. RouteName The name of the route to which this zone applies. A route zone can have a maximum of one associated route. This field can't contain null values, and it is a foreign key to the Name field in routes. IsHardZone A Boolean value indicating a hard or soft route zone. A True value indicates that the route zone is hard; that is, an order that falls outside the route zone polygon can't be assigned to the route. The default value is 1 (True). A False value (0) indicates that such orders can still be assigned, but the cost of servicing the order is weighted by a function based on the Euclidean distance from the route zone. Basically, this means that as the straight-line distance from the soft zone to the order increases, the likelihood of the order being assigned to the route decreases. | Feature Set |
route_renewals (Optional) | Specifies the intermediate depots that routes can visit to reload or unload the cargo they are delivering or picking up. Specifically, a route renewal links a route to a depot. The relationship indicates the route can renew (reload or unload while en route) at the associated depot. Route renewals can be used to model scenarios in which a vehicle picks up a full load of deliveries at the starting depot, services the orders, returns to the depot to renew its load of deliveries, and continues servicing more orders. For example, in propane gas delivery, the vehicle may make several deliveries until its tank is nearly or completely depleted, visit a refueling point, and make more deliveries. Here are a few rules and options to consider:
When specifying the route renewals, you must set properties for each—such as the name of the depot where the route renewal can occur—using the following attributes: ObjectID The system-managed ID field. DepotName The name of the depot where this renewal takes place. This field can't contain a null value and is a foreign key to the Name field in depots. RouteName The name of the route to which this renewal applies. This field can't contain a null value and is a foreign key to the Name field in routes. ServiceTime The service time for the renewal. This field can contain a null value; a null value indicates zero service time. The unit for this field value is specified by the time_units parameter. The time taken to load a vehicle at a renewal depot may depend on the size of the vehicle and how full or empty the vehicle is. However, the service time for a route renewal is a fixed value and does not take into account the actual load. As such, the renewal service time should be given a value corresponding to a full truckload, an average truckload, or another time estimate of your choice. | Record Set |
order_pairs (Optional) | Pairs pick up and deliver orders so they are serviced by the same route. Specifying order pairs prevents the analysis from assigning only one of the orders to a route: either both orders are assigned to the same route, or neither order is assigned. Sometimes it is necessary for the pick up and delivery of orders to be paired. For example, a courier company may need to have a route pick up a high-priority package from one order and deliver it to another without returning to a depot, or sorting station, to minimize delivery time. These related orders can be assigned to the same route with the appropriate sequence using order pairs. Restrictions on how long the package can stay in the vehicle can also be assigned; for example, the package might be a blood sample that must be transported from the doctor's office to the lab within two hours. Some situations may require two pairs of orders. For example, suppose you want to transport a senior citizen from her home to the doctor and then back home. The ride from her home to the doctor is one pair of orders with a desired arrival time at the doctor, while the ride from the doctor to her home is another pair with a desired pickup time. When specifying the order pairs, you must set properties for each—such as the names of the two orders—using the following attributes: ObjectID The system-managed ID field. FirstOrderName The name of the first order of the pair. This field is a foreign key to the Name field in orders. SecondOrderName The name of the second order of the pair. This field is a foreign key to the Name field in orders. The first order in the pair must be a pickup order; that is, the value for its DeliveryQuantities field is null. The second order in the pair must be a delivery order; that is, the value for its PickupQuantities field is null. The quantity picked up at the first order must agree with the quantity delivered at the second order. As a special case, both orders may have zero quantities for scenarios where capacities are not used. The order quantities are not loaded or unloaded at depots. MaxTransitTime The maximum transit time for the pair. The transit time is the duration from the departure time of the first order to the arrival time at the second order. This constraint limits the time-on-vehicle, or ride time, between the two orders. When a vehicle is carrying people or perishable goods, the ride time is typically shorter than that of a vehicle carrying packages or nonperishable goods. This field can contain null values; a null value indicates that there is no constraint on the ride time. The unit for this field value is specified by the timeUnits property of the analysis object. Excess transit time (measured with respect to the direct travel time between order pairs) can be tracked and weighted by the solver. Because of this, you can direct the VRP solver to take one of three approaches:
By assigning an importance level for the excess_transit_factor parameter, you are, in effect, choosing one of these three approaches. Regardless of the importance level, the solver will always return an error if the MaxTransitTime value is surpassed. | Record Set |
excess_transit_factor (Optional) | Specifies the importance of reducing excess transit time of order pairs. Excess transit time is the amount of time exceeding the time required to travel directly between the paired orders. Excess time can be caused by driver breaks or travel to intermediate orders and depots.
| String |
point_barriers (Optional) | Use this parameter to specify one or more points that will act as temporary restrictions or represent additional time or distance that may be required to travel on the underlying streets. For example, a point barrier can be used to represent a fallen tree along a street or a time delay spent at a railroad crossing. The tool imposes a limit of 250 points that can be added as barriers. When specifying point barriers, you can set properties for each, such as its name or barrier type, using the following attributes: Name The name of the barrier. BarrierType Specifies whether the point barrier restricts travel completely or adds time or distance when it is crossed. The value for this attribute is specified as one of the following integers (use the numeric code, not the name in parentheses):
Additional_Time The added travel time when the barrier is traversed. This field is applicable only for added-cost barriers. This field value must be greater than or equal to zero, and its units are the same as those specified in the Measurement Units parameter. Additional_Distance The added distance when the barrier is traversed. This field is applicable only for added-cost barriers. The field value must be greater than or equal to zero, and its units are the same as those specified in the Measurement Units parameter. Additional_Cost The added cost when the barrier is traversed. This field is applicable only for added-cost barriers. FullEdge Specifies how the restriction point barriers are applied to the edge elements during the analysis. The field value is specified as one of the following integers (use the numeric code, not the name in parentheses):
CurbApproach Specifies the direction of traffic that is affected by the barrier. The field value is specified as one of the following integers (use the numeric code, not the name in parentheses):
Because junctions are points and don't have a side, barriers on junctions affect all vehicles regardless of the curb approach. The CurbApproach attribute works with both types of national driving standards: right-hand traffic (United States) and left-hand traffic (United Kingdom). First, consider a facility on the left side of a vehicle. It is always on the left side regardless of whether the vehicle travels on the left or right half of the road. What may change with national driving standards is your decision to approach a facility from one of two directions, that is, so it ends up on the right or left side of the vehicle. For example, to arrive at a facility and not have a lane of traffic between the vehicle and the facility, choose 1 (Right side of vehicle) in the United States and 2 (Left side of vehicle) in the United Kingdom. Bearing The direction in which a point is moving. The units are degrees and are measured clockwise from true north. This field is used in conjunction with the BearingTol field. Bearing data is usually sent automatically from a mobile device equipped with a GPS receiver. Try to include bearing data if you are loading an input location that is moving, such as a pedestrian or a vehicle. Using this field tends to prevent adding locations to the wrong edges, which can occur when a vehicle is near an intersection or an overpass, for example. Bearing also helps the tool determine on which side of the street the point is. Learn more about bearing and bearing tolerance BearingTol The bearing tolerance value creates a range of acceptable bearing values when locating moving points on an edge using the Bearing field. If the value from the Bearing field is within the range of acceptable values that are generated from the bearing tolerance on an edge, the point can be added as a network location there; otherwise, the closest point on the next-nearest edge is evaluated. The units are in degrees, and the default value is 30. Values must be greater than 0 and less than 180. A value of 30 means that when Network Analyst attempts to add a network location on an edge, a range of acceptable bearing values is generated 15 degrees to either side of the edge (left and right) and in both digitized directions of the edge. Learn more about bearing and bearing tolerance NavLatency This field is only used in the solve process if Bearing and BearingTol also have values; however, entering a NavLatency value is optional, even when values are present in Bearing and BearingTol. NavLatency indicates how much cost is expected to elapse from the moment GPS information is sent from a moving vehicle to a server and the moment the processed route is received by the vehicle's navigation device. The units of NavLatency are the same as the units of the impedance attribute. | Feature Set |
line_barriers (Optional) | Use this parameter to specify one or more lines that prohibit travel anywhere the lines intersect the streets. For example, a parade or protest that blocks traffic across several street segments can be modeled with a line barrier. A line barrier can also quickly fence off several roads from being traversed, thereby channeling possible routes away from undesirable parts of the street network. The tool imposes a limit on the number of streets you can restrict using the Line Barriers parameter. While there is no limit to the number of lines you can specify as line barriers, the combined number of streets intersected by all the lines cannot exceed 500. When specifying the line barriers, you can set name and barrier type properties for each using the following attributes: Name The name of the barrier. | Feature Set |
polygon_barriers (Optional) | Use this parameter to specify polygons that either completely restrict travel or proportionately scale the time or distance required to travel on the streets intersected by the polygons. The service imposes a limit on the number of streets you can restrict using the Polygon Barriers parameter. While there is no limit to the number of polygons you can specify as polygon barriers, the combined number of streets intersected by all the polygons cannot exceed 2,000. When specifying the polygon barriers, you can set properties for each, such as its name or barrier type, using the following attributes: Name The name of the barrier. BarrierType Specifies whether the barrier restricts travel completely or scales the cost (such as time or distance) for traveling through it. The field value is specified as one of the following integers (use the numeric code, not the name in parentheses):
ScaledTimeFactor This is the factor by which the travel time of the streets intersected by the barrier is multiplied. The field value must be greater than zero. This field is applicable only for scaled-cost barriers. ScaledDistanceFactor This is the factor by which the distance of the streets intersected by the barrier is multiplied. The field value must be greater than zero. This field is applicable only for scaled-cost barriers. ScaledCostFactor This is the factor by which the cost of the streets intersected by the barrier is multiplied. The field value must be greater than zero. This field is applicable only for scaled-cost barriers. | Feature Set |
use_hierarchy_in_analysis (Optional) | Specifies whether hierarchy will be used when finding the best routes.
The tool automatically reverts to using hierarchy if the straight-line distance between orders, depots, or orders and depots is greater than 50 miles, even if this parameter is unchecked (False). This parameter is ignored unless Travel Mode is set to Custom, which is the default value. | Boolean |
restrictions [restrictions,...] | The restrictions that will be honored by the tool when finding the best routes. A restriction represents a driving preference or requirement. In most cases, restrictions cause roads to be prohibited. For instance, using the Avoid Toll Roads restriction will result in a route that will include toll roads only when it is required to travel on toll roads to visit an incident or a facility. Height Restriction makes it possible to route around any clearances that are lower than the height of your vehicle. If you are carrying corrosive materials on your vehicle, using the Any Hazmat Prohibited restriction prevents hauling the materials along roads where it is marked illegal to do so. Note:The values you provide for this parameter are ignored unless Travel Mode is set to Custom. Note:Some restrictions require an additional value to be specified for their use. This value must be associated with the restriction name and a specific parameter intended to work with the restriction. You can identify such restrictions if their names appear in the AttributeName column in the Attribute Parameter Values parameter. The ParameterValue field should be specified in the Attribute Parameter Values parameter for the restriction to be correctly used when finding traversable roads. Note:Some restrictions are supported only in certain countries; their availability is stated by region in the list below. Of the restrictions that have limited availability within a region, you can determine whether the restriction is available in a particular country by reviewing the table in the Country list section of Network analysis coverage. If a country has a value of Yes in the Logistics Attribute column, the restriction with select availability in the region is supported in that country. If you specify restriction names that are not available in the country where your incidents are located, the service ignores the invalid restrictions. The service also ignores restrictions when the Restriction Usage attribute parameter value is between 0 and 1 (see the Attribute Parameter Value parameter). It prohibits all restrictions when the Restriction Usage parameter value is greater than 0. The tool supports the following restrictions:
| String |
attribute_parameter_values (Optional) | Use this parameter to specify additional values required by an attribute or restriction, such as to specify whether the restriction prohibits, avoids, or prefers travel on restricted roads. If the restriction is meant to avoid or prefer roads, you can further specify the degree to which they are avoided or preferred using this parameter. For example, you can choose to never use toll roads, avoid them as much as possible, or prefer them. Note:The values you provide for this parameter are ignored unless Travel Mode is set to Custom. If you specify the Attribute Parameter Values parameter from a feature class, the field names on the feature class must match the fields as follows:
The Attribute Parameter Values parameter is dependent on the Restrictions parameter. The ParameterValue field is applicable only if the restriction name is specified as the value for the Restrictions parameter. In Attribute Parameter Values, each restriction (listed as AttributeName) has a ParameterName field value, Restriction Usage, that specifies whether the restriction prohibits, avoids, or prefers travel on the roads associated with the restriction as well as the degree to which the roads are avoided or preferred. The Restriction Usage ParameterName can be assigned any of the following string values or their equivalent numeric values listed in the parentheses:
In most cases, you can use the default value, PROHIBITED, as the Restriction Usage value if the restriction is dependent on a vehicle characteristic such as vehicle height. However, in some cases, the Restriction Usage value depends on your routing preferences. For example, the Avoid Toll Roads restriction has the default value of AVOID_MEDIUM for the Restriction Usage attribute. This means that when the restriction is used, the tool will try to route around toll roads when it can. AVOID_MEDIUM also indicates how important it is to avoid toll roads when finding the best route; it has a medium priority. Choosing AVOID_LOW puts lower importance on avoiding tolls; choosing AVOID_HIGH instead gives it a higher importance and thus makes it more acceptable for the service to generate longer routes to avoid tolls. Choosing PROHIBITED entirely disallows travel on toll roads, making it impossible for a route to travel on any portion of a toll road. Keep in mind that avoiding or prohibiting toll roads, and thus avoiding toll payments, is the objective for some. In contrast, others prefer to drive on toll roads, because avoiding traffic is more valuable to them than the money spent on tolls. In the latter case, choose PREFER_LOW, PREFER_MEDIUM, or PREFER_HIGH as the value for Restriction Usage. The higher the preference, the farther the tool will go out of its way to travel on the roads associated with the restriction. | Record Set |
populate_route_lines (Optional) | Specifies whether the output route line will be generated.
When the Route Shape parameter is set to True Shape, the generalization of the route shape can be further controlled using the appropriate values for the Route Line Simplification Toleranceparameter. No matter which value you choose for the Route Shapeparameter, the best routes are always determined by minimizing the travel along the streets, never using the straight-line distance. This means that only the route shapes are different, not the underlying streets that are searched when finding the route. | Boolean |
route_line_simplification_tolerance (Optional) | The amount by which the geometry of the output lines will be simplified for routes and directions. The value provided for this parameter is ignored unless Travel Mode is set to Custom, which is the default value. The tool ignores this parameter if the populate_route_lines parameter is unchecked (False). Simplification maintains critical points on a route, such as turns at intersections, to define the essential shape of the route and removes other points. The simplification distance you specify is the maximum allowable offset that the simplified line can deviate from the original line. Simplifying a line reduces the number of vertices that are part of the route geometry. This improves the tool execution time. | Linear Unit |
populate_directions (Optional) | Specifies whether the tool will generate driving directions for each route.
| Boolean |
directions_language (Optional) | The language that will be used when generating travel directions. This parameter is used only when the Populate Directions parameter is checked (True in Python). The parameter value can be specified using one of the following two- or five-character language codes:
The tool first searches for an exact match for the specified language including any language localization. If an exact match is not found, it tries to match the language family. If a match is still not found, the tool returns the directions using the default language, English. For example, if the directions language is specified as es-MX (Mexican Spanish), the tool will return the directions in Spanish, as it supports the es language code but not es-MX. Caution:If a language supports localization, such as Brazilian Portuguese (pt-BR) and European Portuguese (pt-PT), specify the language family and the localization. If you only specify the language family, the tool will not match the language family and instead return directions in the default language, English. For example, if the directions language specified is pt, the tool will return the directions in English since it cannot determine whether the directions should be returned in pt-BR or pt-PT. | String |
directions_style_name (Optional) | Specifies the name of the formatting style for the directions. This parameter is used only when the Populate Directions parameter is checked (True in Python).
| String |
travel_mode (Optional) | The mode of transportation to model in the analysis. Travel modes are managed in ArcGIS Online and can be configured by the administrator of your organization to reflect your organization's workflows. You need to specify the name of a travel mode that is supported by your organization. To get a list of supported travel mode names, run the Get Travel Modes tool from the Utilities toolbox under the same GIS Server connection you used to access the tool. The Get Travel Modes tool adds a table, Supported Travel Modes, to the application. Any value in the Travel Mode Name field from the Supported Travel Modes table can be specified as input. You can also specify the value from the Travel Mode Settings field as input. This speeds up tool execution, as the tool does not have to find the settings based on the travel mode name. The default value, Custom, allows you to configure your own travel mode using the custom travel mode parameters (UTurn at Junctions, Use Hierarchy, Restrictions, Attribute Parameter Values, and Impedance). The default values of the custom travel mode parameters model traveling by car. You can also choose Custom and set the custom travel mode parameters listed above to model a pedestrian with a fast walking speed or a truck with a given height, weight, and cargo of certain hazardous materials. You can try different settings to get the analysis results you want. Once you have identified the analysis settings, work with your organization's administrator and save these settings as part of a new or existing travel mode so that everyone in your organization can run the analysis with the same settings. Caution:When you choose Custom, the values you set for the custom travel mode parameters are included in the analysis. Specifying another travel mode, as defined by your organization, causes any values you set for the custom travel mode parameters to be ignored; the tool overrides them with values from your specified travel mode. | String |
impedance (Optional) | Specifies the impedance, which is a value that represents the effort or cost of traveling along road segments or on other parts of the transportation network. Travel time is an impedance: a car may take 1 minute to travel a mile along an empty road. Travel times can vary by travel mode—a pedestrian may take more than 20 minutes to walk the same mile, so it is important to choose the right impedance for the travel mode you are modeling. Travel distance can also be an impedance; the length of a road in kilometers can be thought of as impedance. Travel distance in this sense is the same for all modes—a kilometer for a pedestrian is also a kilometer for a car. (What may change is the pathways on which the different modes are allowed to travel, which affects distance between points, and this is modeled by travel mode settings.) Caution:The value you provide for this parameter is ignored unless Travel Mode is set to Custom, which is the default value.
If you choose a time-based impedance, such as TravelTime, TruckTravelTime, Minutes, TruckMinutes, or WalkTime, the Break Units parameter must be set to a time-based value; if you choose a distance-based impedance such as Miles or Kilometers, Break Units must be distance-based. Legacy:Drive Time, Truck Time, Walk Time, and Travel Distance impedance values are no longer supported and will be removed in a future release. If you use one of these values, the tool uses the value of the Time Impedance parameter for time-based values and the Distance Impedance parameter for distance-based values. | String |
time_zone_usage_for_time_fields (Optional) | Specifies the time zone for the input date-time fields supported by the tool. This parameter specifies the time zone for the following fields: TimeWindowStart1, TimeWindowEnd1, TimeWindowStart2, TimeWindowEnd2, InboundArriveTime, and OutboundDepartTime on orders. TimeWindowStart1, TimeWindowEnd1, TimeWindowStart2, and TimeWindowEnd2 on depots. EarliestStartTime and LatestStartTime on routes. TimeWindowStart and TimeWindowEnd on breaks.
Specifying the date-time values in UTC is useful if you do not know the time zone in which the orders or depots are located or if you have orders and depots in multiple time zones, and you want all the date-time values to start simultaneously. The UTC option is applicable only when your network dataset defines a time zone attribute. Otherwise, all the date-time values are always treated as GEO_LOCAL. | String |
save_output_layer (Optional) | Specifies whether the analysis settings will be saved as a network analysis layer file. You cannot directly work with this file even when you open the file in an ArcGIS Desktop application such as ArcMap. It is meant to be sent to Esri Technical Support to diagnose the quality of results returned from the tool.
| Boolean |
overrides (Optional) | Additional settings that can influence the behavior of the solver when finding solutions for the network analysis problems. The value for this parameter must be specified in JavaScript Object Notation (JSON). For example, a valid value is of the following form: {"overrideSetting1" : "value1", "overrideSetting2" : "value2"}. The override setting name is always enclosed in double quotation marks. The values can be a number, Boolean, or string. The default value for this parameter is no value, which indicates not to override any solver settings. Overrides are advanced settings that should be used only after careful analysis of the results obtained before and after applying the settings. For a list of supported override settings for each solver and their acceptable values, contact Esri Technical Support. | String |
save_route_data (Optional) | Specifies whether the output includes a .zip file that contains a file geodatabase with the inputs and outputs of the analysis in a format that can be used to share route layers with ArcGIS Online or Portal for ArcGIS.
| Boolean |
time_impedance (Optional) | The time-based impedance is a value that represents the travel time along road segments or on other parts of the transportation network. Note:If the impedance for the travel mode, as specified using the Impedance parameter, is time based, the values for the Time Impedance and Impedance parameters must be identical. Otherwise, the service will return an error.
| String |
distance_impedance (Optional) | The distance-based impedance is a value that represents the travel distance along road segments or on other parts of the transportation network. Note:If the impedance for the travel mode, as specified using the Impedance parameter, is distance based, the values for the Distance Impedance and Impedance parameters must be identical. Otherwise, the service will return an error.
| String |
populate_stop_shapes (Optional) | Specifies whether the tool will create the shapes for the output assigned and unassigned stops.
| Boolean |
output_format (Optional) | Specifies the format in which the output features will be created.
When a file-based output format, such as JSON File or GeoJSON File, is specified, no outputs will be added to the display because the application, such as ArcMap or ArcGIS Pro, cannot draw the contents of the result file. Instead, the result file is downloaded to a temporary directory on your machine. In ArcGIS Pro, the location of the downloaded file can be determined by viewing the value for the Output Result File parameter in the entry corresponding to the tool execution in the geoprocessing history of your project. In ArcMap, the location of the file can be determined by accessing the Copy Location option in the shortcut menu on the Output Result File parameter in the entry corresponding to the tool execution in the Geoprocessing Results window. | String |
ignore_invalid_order_locations (Optional) | Specifies whether invalid orders will be ignored when solving the vehicle routing problem.
| Boolean |
Derived Output
| Name | Explanation | Data Type |
| solve_succeeded | Determines whether solving the vehicle routing problem analysis succeeded. | Boolean |
| out_unassigned_stops | This provides access to the orders that couldn't be visited by any routes. You can also determine why the orders couldn't be visited and make the necessary changes to correct the problem. | Feature Set |
| out_stops | This provides information about stops made at depots, orders, and breaks. The information includes which routes make the stops, the arrival and departure times, and the stop sequence. | Feature Set |
| out_routes | This provides access to the drivers, vehicles, and route paths of a vehicle routing problem analysis. | Feature Set |
| out_directions | This provides access to the turn-by-turn directions for each resulting route. | Feature Set |
| out_network_analysis_layer | The network analysis layer, with properties configured in the tool parameters, that can be used for further analysis or debugging in the map. | File |
| out_route_data | A .zip file containing all the information for a particular route. | File |
| out_result_file | A .zip file containing the results of the analysis, with one or more files for each output. The format of the individual files is specified by the Output Format parameter. | File |
Code sample
The following Python script demonstrates how to use the Solve Vehicle Routing Problem tool in a script.
"""This example shows how to obtain the schema for the inputs, populate the inputs,
excute the tool and save the results.
"""
import sys
import time
import arcpy
# Change the username and password applicable to your own ArcGIS Online account
username = "<your user name>"
password = "<your password>"
vrp_service = "https://logistics.arcgis.com/arcgis/services;World/VehicleRoutingProblem;{0};{1}".format(username, password)
# Add the geoprocessing service as a toolbox.
# Check https://pro.arcgis.com/en/pro-app/arcpy/functions/importtoolbox.htm for
# other ways in which you can specify credentials to connect to a geoprocessing service.
arcpy.ImportToolbox(vrp_service)
vrp_tool_name = "SolveVehicleRoutingProblem_VehicleRoutingProblem"
# Set the variables to store results from the tool. Overwrite the results if they already exist.
arcpy.env.overwriteOutput = True
output_routes = "C:/data/Results.gdb/Routes"
assigned_orders = "C:/data/Results.gdb/AssignedOrders"
unassigned_orders = "C:/data/Results.gdb/UnassignedOrders"
# Get the schema for input orders, depots and routes
input_orders = arcpy.GetParameterValue(vrp_tool_name, 0)
input_depots = arcpy.GetParameterValue(vrp_tool_name, 1)
input_routes = arcpy.GetParameterValue(vrp_tool_name, 2)
# Create two orders as input. The coordinate values are in WGS84 spatial reference.
# AssignmentRule for orders is 3 which specifies that the tool should assign a new
# sequence and route for every order.
orders = [(-122.51, 37.7724), (-122.4889, 37.7538)]
sr = arcpy.SpatialReference(4326)
with arcpy.da.InsertCursor(input_orders, ("SHAPE@", "Name", "AssignmentRule")) as cursor:
for i, order in enumerate(orders):
order_shape = arcpy.PointGeometry(arcpy.Point(order[0], order[1]), sr)
row = (order_shape, "O{}".format(i + 1), 3)
cursor.insertRow(row)
# Create one depot as input. The coordinate values are in WGS84 spatial reference
depots = [(-122.3943, 37.7967)]
with arcpy.da.InsertCursor(input_depots, ("SHAPE@", "Name")) as cursor:
for i, depot in enumerate(depots):
depot_shape = arcpy.PointGeometry(arcpy.Point(depot[0], depot[1]), sr)
row = (depot_shape, "D{}".format(i + 1))
cursor.insertRow(row)
# Create one route as input. Ensure that the StartDepotName and EndDepotName fields on
# routes has same value as the Name field on input depots. AssignmentRule for routes
# is 1 which specifies that the tool must include the route.
# CostPerUnitTime and MaxOrderCount are fields that cannot have null values if the route
# is to be considered as a valid route.
with arcpy.da.InsertCursor(input_routes, ("Name", "StartDepotName",
"EndDepotName", "AssignmentRule",
"CostPerUnitTime", "MaxOrderCount")) as cursor:
row = ("R1", "D1", "D1", 1, 1, 10)
cursor.insertRow(row)
# Call the tool
result = arcpy.SolveVehicleRoutingProblem_VehicleRoutingProblem(input_orders, input_depots, input_routes)
arcpy.AddMessage("Running the analysis with result ID: {}".format(result.resultID))
# Check the status of the result object every 1 second until it has a
# value of 4 (succeeded) or greater
while result.status < 4:
time.sleep(1)
# print any warning or error messages returned from the tool
result_severity = result.maxSeverity
if result_severity == 2:
arcpy.AddError("An error occured when running the tool")
arcpy.AddError(result.getMessages(2))
sys.exit(2)
elif result_severity == 1:
arcpy.AddWarning("Warnings were returned when running the tool")
arcpy.AddWarning(result.getMessages(1))
# Save the output routes and orders to a local geodatabase
result.getOutput(0).save(unassigned_orders)
result.getOutput(1).save(assigned_orders)
result.getOutput(2).save(output_routes)The following example shows how to perform a vehicle routing problem analysis using a custom travel mode that models trucks carrying wide loads.
"""This example shows how to perform a vehicle routing problem analysis using a custom travel mode that
models trucks carrying wide load."""
import sys
import time
import json
import arcpy
# Change the username and password applicable to your own ArcGIS Online account
username = "<your user name>"
password = "<your password>"
vrp_service = "https://logistics.arcgis.com/arcgis/services;World/VehicleRoutingProblem;{0};{1}".format(username, password)
# Add the geoprocessing service as a toolbox.
arcpy.ImportToolbox(vrp_service)
vrp_tool_name = "SolveVehicleRoutingProblem_VehicleRoutingProblem"
# Set the variables to store results from the tool. Overwrite the results if they already exist.
arcpy.env.overwriteOutput = True
output_routes = "C:/data/Results.gdb/Routes"
assigned_orders = "C:/data/Results.gdb/AssignedOrders"
unassigned_orders = "C:/data/Results.gdb/UnassignedOrders"
# Get the schema for input orders, depots and routes
input_orders = arcpy.GetParameterValue(vrp_tool_name, 0)
input_depots = arcpy.GetParameterValue(vrp_tool_name, 1)
input_routes = arcpy.GetParameterValue(vrp_tool_name, 2)
# Create two orders as input. The coordinate values are in WGS84 spatial reference.
# AssignmentRule for orders is 3 which specifies that the tool should assign a new
# sequence and route for every order.
orders = [(-122.51, 37.7724), (-122.4889, 37.7538)]
sr = arcpy.SpatialReference(4326)
with arcpy.da.InsertCursor(input_orders, ("SHAPE@", "Name", "AssignmentRule")) as cursor:
for i, order in enumerate(orders):
order_shape = arcpy.PointGeometry(arcpy.Point(order[0], order[1]), sr)
row = (order_shape, "O{}".format(i + 1), 3)
cursor.insertRow(row)
# Create one depot as input. The coordinate values are in WGS84 spatial reference
depots = [(-122.3943, 37.7967)]
with arcpy.da.InsertCursor(input_depots, ("SHAPE@", "Name")) as cursor:
for i, depot in enumerate(depots):
depot_shape = arcpy.PointGeometry(arcpy.Point(depot[0], depot[1]), sr)
row = (depot_shape, "D{}".format(i + 1))
cursor.insertRow(row)
# Create one route as input. Ensure that the StartDepotName and EndDepotName fields on routes has same
# value as the Name field on input depots. AssignmentRule for routes is 1 which specifies that the tool
# must include the route. CostPerUnitTime and MaxOrderCount are fields that cannot have null values if
# the route is to be considered as a valid route.
with arcpy.da.InsertCursor(input_routes, ("Name", "StartDepotName",
"EndDepotName", "AssignmentRule",
"CostPerUnitTime", "MaxOrderCount")) as cursor:
row = ("R1", "D1", "D1", 1, 1, 10)
cursor.insertRow(row)
# Change Vehicle Width attribute parameter value to 4.5 (about 15 feet) for the Trucking Time travel mode
# used for the analysis
portal_url = "https://www.arcgis.com"
arcpy.SignInToPortal(portal_url, username, password)
travel_mode_list = arcpy.na.GetTravelModes(portal_url)
tt = travel_mode_list["Trucking Time"]
tt_json = str(tt)
tt_dict = json.loads(tt_json)
tt_dict["restrictionAttributeNames"].append("Width Restriction")
for attr_param in tt_dict["attributeParameterValues"]:
if attr_param['attributeName'] == 'Width Restriction' and attr_param['parameterName'] == 'Vehicle Width (meters)':
attr_param['value'] = 4.5
travel_mode = json.dumps(tt_dict)
# Call the tool
result = arcpy.SolveVehicleRoutingProblem_VehicleRoutingProblem(input_orders, input_depots,
input_routes, travel_mode=travel_mode)
arcpy.AddMessage("Running the analysis with result ID: {}".format(result.resultID))
# Check the status of the result object every 1 second until it has a
# value of 4 (succeeded) or greater
while result.status < 4:
time.sleep(1)
# print any warning or error messages returned from the tool
result_severity = result.maxSeverity
if result_severity == 2:
arcpy.AddError("An error occured when running the tool")
arcpy.AddError(result.getMessages(2))
sys.exit(2)
elif result_severity == 1:
arcpy.AddWarning("Warnings were returned when running the tool")
arcpy.AddWarning(result.getMessages(1))
# Save the output routes and orders to a local geodatabase
result.getOutput(0).save(unassigned_orders)
result.getOutput(1).save(assigned_orders)
result.getOutput(2).save(output_routes)