Available with Spatial Analyst license.
The ArcGIS Spatial Analyst extension accepts as input all relevant raster, feature, and table formats that are supported by ArcGIS. While many formats are natively supported by Spatial Analyst as input, only certain formats are supported for output.
Raster data
Spatial Analyst can operate on raster data that is either file based or in a geodatabase.
Input raster data formats
In general, all the input raster formats supported by ArcGIS are natively processed by Spatial Analyst tools.
Being able to read the supported raster formats directly eliminates any conversion step that might have otherwise created intermediate temporary files when executing operations on certain data formats. The benefits of this are reduced processing times as well as reduced disk space consumption.
Output raster data formats
The supported output raster formats are the following:
- Geodatabase rasters
- TIFF (.tif)
- Esri Grid
- CRF raster (.CRF)
- ERDAS IMAGINE (.img)
The location and name you specify for the output raster determines the format in which it is created.
ArcGIS supports fewer raster formats for output than it does for input, and Spatial Analyst specifically supports fewer output raster formats than ArcGIS does in general. However, once an output raster has been created, it can easily be converted to another format with the Copy Raster tool.
Feature data
Input feature data
All supported feature classes for ArcGIS Pro of the appropriate type are natively processed by Spatial Analyst tools as input.
Output feature data
For output, the supported feature types are point, multipoint, polyline, and polygon, depending on the particular geoprocessing tool being used.
The feature class can be created in a geodatabase, or if in an output folder, as a shapefile.
Creation of temporary (scratch) data
When running Spatial Analyst tools that operate on raster or feature data, there may be some situations that cause the software to create intermediate or scratch files in the process of the operation. After the operation completes and the output has been created, the scratch files are deleted.
The location where these scratch files get created can be controlled with the Scratch workspace environment.
Multiband raster data
When a multiband raster is used as input, most Spatial Analyst tools operate only on the first band.
The exceptions are certain tools in the Multivariate and Extraction toolsets which do process each of the bands in a multiband input and can create a multiband output. Consult the individual tool references for more specific details.
Mosaic datasets
Any Spatial Analyst tool that supports raster as input can operate on mosaic datasets.
Mosaic datasets can be extremely large (hundreds of thousands of rows and columns of cells), so running any analytical tools on them can consume a lot of system resources and take a lot of execution time. It is important to consider limiting the analysis extent or data resolution in your operations.
Handing multiple resolutions of mosaic datasets
Mosaic datasets can contain multiple resolutions of raster data. It is important to use the appropriate cell size for the type of analysis being done.
Mosaic dataset raster limits
Mosaic datasets will have a limit on the number of individual rasters that can be analyzed at one time. If this limit is exceeded, areas of NoData may appear in the output.
Mosaicking rules
Also important to consider are the mosaicking rules, which determine how overlapping individual rasters are handled. More details on how to control the mosaicking is available in the following topic:
To control which layers are used and how they are collated, see the mosaic method option of the Make Mosaic Layer tool.
Other mosaic dataset properties also influence how the individual rasters are handled in the mosaicking process. These include Allowed Mosaic Methods, Default Sorting Order, and Default Mosaic Operator. Some properties, such as Default Resampling Method, will affect the pixel quality.
Geoprocessing analysis environments
In most cases, you will need to define one or more of the following geoprocessing environments to control the analysis:
- Cell Size
Use this environment to control the resolution of the output raster.
- Cell Size Projection Method
Use this environment to specify how the output raster cell size will be calculated when datasets are projected during analysis.
- Output Extent
Use this environment to control the area of the output raster.
- Snap Raster
Use this environment to match the cell alignment of the output raster to another existing raster.
Image services
You can perform Spatial Analyst operations only on certain types of services, such as image services or WCS services. Other types of services, such as map services or the layers within them, cannot be used as input to Spatial Analyst tools.
Processing considerations when using image services
Image services are created from raster datasets and mosaic datasets. Consequently, all of the issues in the previous section pertaining to mosaic datasets will also apply when using image services as input.
Caution:
Pay attention to the Maximum Size Of Requests property, which is used to limit the numbers of rows and columns that can be analyzed at one time. If this limit is exceeded, the operation will not complete.
When working with image services, you should first use the Make Image Server Layer tool to create an image service layer. This allows you to define many of the properties, including the extent (template) and cell size.
Geoprocessing analysis environments
As with mosaic datasets, the Output Extent and Cell Size geoprocessing environments should be defined to properly control the analysis.