Polygon

Zusammenfassung

A Polygon object is a closed shape defined by a connected sequence of x,y coordinate pairs.

Diskussion

Bei vielen Workflows der Geoverarbeitung möchten Sie eventuell bestimmte Vorgänge mit Koordinaten- und Geometriedaten ausführen, jedoch nicht unbedingt eine neue (temporäre) Feature-Class erstellen, diese mit Cursorn füllen, die Feature-Class verwenden und dann die vorläufige Feature-Class wieder löschen. Sie können anstelle von Eingabe und Ausgabe auch Geometrieobjekte verwenden und so die Geoverarbeitung vereinfachen. Geometrieobjekte können von Grund auf neu mit Geometry-, Multipoint-, PointGeometry-, Polygon- oder Polyline-Classes erstellt werden.

During the creation of a geometry object, a simplification process is performed to make the geometry topologically consistent according to its geometry type. For instance, it rectifies polygons that may be self-intersecting, or contain incorrect ring orientations. Coordinates may move within the resolution of the geometry's spatial reference.

The following numeric operators can be used in place of geometry methods:

Geometry method	Numeric operator
intersect	+
union	|
difference	-
symmetricDifference	^

For example, to union two geometry objects, g3 = g1 | g2 is equivalent to g3 = g1.union(g2).

The + operator will use the geometry type (dimension) of the first geometry to determine the geometry type of the output.

Syntax

 Polygon (inputs, {spatial_reference}, {has_z}, {has_m})

Parameter	Erläuterung	Datentyp
inputs	The coordinates used to create the object. The data type can be either Point or Array objects.	Object
spatial_reference	The spatial reference of the new geometry. (Der Standardwert ist None)	SpatialReference
has_z	The Z state: True for geometry if Z is enabled and False if it is not. (Der Standardwert ist False)	Boolean
has_m	The M state: True for geometry if M is enabled and False if it is not. (Der Standardwert ist False)	Boolean

Eigenschaften

Eigenschaft	Erläuterung	Datentyp
JSON (Schreibgeschützt)	Returns an Esri JSON representation of the geometry as a string. Tipp: The returned string can be converted to a dictionary using the json module's loads function.	String
WKB (Schreibgeschützt)	Returns the well-known binary (WKB) representation for OGC geometry. It provides a portable representation of a geometry value as a contiguous stream of bytes.	Bytearray
WKT (Schreibgeschützt)	Returns the well-known text (WKT) representation for OGC geometry. It provides a portable representation of a geometry value as a text string. Any true curves in the geometry will be densified into approximate curves in the WKT string.	String
area (Schreibgeschützt)	The area of a polygon feature. It is zero for all other feature types.	Double
centroid (Schreibgeschützt)	The true centroid if it is within or on the feature; otherwise, the label point is returned.	Point
extent (Lesen und schreiben)	The extent of the geometry.	Extent
firstPoint (Schreibgeschützt)	The first coordinate point of the geometry.	Point
hasCurves (Schreibgeschützt)	Returns True if the geometry has a curve.	Boolean
hullRectangle (Schreibgeschützt)	A space-delimited string of the coordinate pairs of the convex hull rectangle.	String
isMultipart (Schreibgeschützt)	Returns True if the number of parts for this geometry is more than one.	Boolean
labelPoint (Schreibgeschützt)	The point at which the label is located. The labelPoint is always located within or on a feature.	Point
lastPoint (Schreibgeschützt)	The last coordinate of the feature.	Point
length (Schreibgeschützt)	The length of the linear feature. The calculation uses 2D Cartesian mathematics. For point and multipoint geometry, the length will be zero. For polygon geometry, the length will be the 2D length of the boundary.	Double
length3D (Schreibgeschützt)	The 3D length of the linear feature. The calculation uses 3D Cartesian mathematics. For point and multipoint geometry, the length will be zero. For polygon geometry, the length will be the 3D length of the boundary. Vorsicht: The operation does not perform unit conversion between the horizontal and the vertical coordinate systems. The x, y, and z coordinates are assumed to be in the same linear unit. Vorsicht: This property is only available for projected data.	Double
partCount (Schreibgeschützt)	The number of geometry parts for the feature.	Integer
pointCount (Schreibgeschützt)	The total number of points for the feature.	Integer
spatialReference (Schreibgeschützt)	The spatial reference of the geometry.	SpatialReference
trueCentroid (Schreibgeschützt)	The center of gravity for a feature.	Point
type (Schreibgeschützt)	The geometry type: polygon, polyline, point, multipoint, multipatch, dimension, or annotation.	String

Methodenübersicht

Methode	Erläuterung
angleAndDistanceTo (other, {method})	Returns a tuple of angle and distance to a point or polygon.
boundary ()	Constructs the boundary of the geometry.
buffer (distance)	Constructs a polygon at a specified distance from the geometry.
clip (envelope)	Constructs the intersection of the geometry and the specified extent.
contains (second_geometry, {relation})	Indicates if the base geometry contains the comparison geometry. contains is the opposite of within. Only True relationships are shown in this illustration.
convexHull ()	Constructs the geometry that is the minimal bounding polygon such that all outer angles are convex.
crosses (second_geometry)	Gibt an, ob die beiden Geometrien sich in einer Geometrie mit einem geringeren Shape-Typ überschneiden. Zwei Polylinien kreuzen sich, wenn sie nur Punkte gemeinsam haben, von denen mindestens einer kein Endpunkt ist. Eine Polylinie und ein Polygon kreuzen sich, wenn sie im Inneren des Polygons eine Polylinie oder einen Punkt (für eine vertikale Linie) gemeinsam haben, die bzw. der nicht der gesamten Polylinie entspricht. Only True relationships are shown in this illustration.
cut (cutter)	Splits this geometry into a part left of the cutting polyline, and a part right of it. When a polyline or polygon is cut, it is split where it intersects the cutter polyline. Each piece is classified as left of or right of the cutter. This classification is based on the orientation of the cutter line. Parts of the target polyline that do not intersect the cutting polyline are returned as part of the right of result for that input polyline. If a geometry is not cut, the left geometry will be empty (None).
densify (type, distance, {deviation})	Creates a new geometry with added vertices.
difference (other)	Constructs the geometry that is composed only of the region unique to the base geometry but not part of the other geometry. The following illustration shows the results when the red polygon is the source geometry.
disjoint (second_geometry)	Gibt an, ob die Basis- und die Vergleichsgeometrie keine gemeinsamen Punkte aufweisen. Zwei Geometrien überschneiden sich, wenn disjoint den Wert False zurückgibt. Only True relationships are shown in this illustration.
distanceTo (other)	Returns the minimum distance between two geometries. The distance is in the units of the geometry's spatial reference. If the geometries intersect, the minimum distance is 0. Both geometries must have the same projection.
equals (second_geometry)	Indicates if the base and comparison geometries are of the same shape type and define the same set of points in the plane. This is a 2D comparison only; M and Z values are ignored. Only True relationships are shown in this illustration.
generalize (max_offset)	Creates a new simplified geometry using a specified maximum offset tolerance.
getArea ({type}, {units})	Returns the area of the feature using a measurement type.
getLength ({measurement_type}, {units})	Returns the length of the feature using a measurement type.
getPart ({index})	Returns an Array object of Point objects for a particular part of the geometry if an index is specified. If an index is not specified, an Array object containing an Array of Point objects for each geometry part is returned. The getPart method is equivalent to indexing an object; that is, obj.getPart(0) is equivalent to obj[0].
intersect (other, dimension)	Constructs a geometry that is the geometric intersection of the two input geometries. Different dimension values can be used to create different shape types. The intersection of two geometries of the same shape type is a geometry containing only the regions of overlap between the original geometries. For faster results, test if the two geometries are disjoint before calling intersect.
overlaps (second_geometry)	Gibt an, üb die Überschneidung der beiden Geometrien denselben Shape-Typ wie eine der Eingabegeometrien aufweist, aber keiner der Eingabegeometrien entspricht. Only True relationships are shown in this illustration.
pointFromAngleAndDistance (angle, distance, {method})	Returns a point at a given angle in degrees and distance in the units of the geometry's spatial reference using the specified measurement type.
positionAlongLine (value, {use_percentage})	Returns a point on a line at a specified distance from the beginning of the line.
projectAs (spatial_reference, {transformation_name})	Projects a geometry and optionally applies a geotransformation. To project, the geometry must have a spatial reference, and not have an unknown coordinate system. The new spatial reference system passed to the method defines the output coordinate system. If either spatial reference is unknown, the coordinates will not be changed. The z- and m-values are not changed by the projectAs method.
symmetricDifference (other)	Constructs the geometry that is the union of two geometries minus the instersection of those geometries. The two input geometries must be the same shape type.
touches (second_geometry)	Indicates if the boundaries of the geometries intersect. Two geometries touch when the intersection of the geometries is not empty, but the intersection of their interiors is empty. For example, a point touches a polyline only if the point is coincident with one of the polyline end points. Only True relationships are shown in this illustration.
union (other)	Constructs the geometry that is the set-theoretic union of the input geometries. The two geometries being unioned must be the same shape type.
within (second_geometry, {relation})	Indicates if the base geometry is within the comparison geometry. within is the opposite operator of contains. Only True relationships are shown in this illustration. The base geometry is within the comparison geometry if the base geometry is the intersection of the geometries and the intersection of their interiors is not empty. within is a Clementini operator, except in the case of an empty base geometry.

Methoden

angleAndDistanceTo (other, {method})

Parameter	Erläuterung	Datentyp
other	The second geometry. If the geometry is a polygon, the distance is measured to the centroid of the polygon.	PointGeometry
method	The method used to measure distance. GEODESIC—The shortest line between any two points on the earth's surface on a spheroid (ellipsoid). One use for a geodesic line is to determine the shortest distance between two cities for an airplane's flight path. This is also known as a great circle line if based on a sphere rather than an ellipsoid. GREAT_ELLIPTIC—The line on a spheroid (ellipsoid) defined by the intersection at the surface by a plane that passes through the center of the spheroid and the start and endpoints of a segment. This is also known as a great circle when a sphere is used. LOXODROME—The line follows a single compass bearing, or azimuth. Great circle routes are often broken into a series of loxodromes, which simplifies navigation. This is also known as a rhumb line. PLANAR—Planar measurements use 2D Cartesian mathematics to calculate lengths and areas. This option is only available when measuring in a projected coordinate system and the 2D plane of that coordinate system will be used as the basis for the measurements. Planar measurements reflect the projection of geographic data onto a 2D surface, and do not account for the curvature of the earth. PRESERVE_SHAPE—This type calculates the area or length of the geometry on the surface of the earth ellipsoid, for geometry defined in a projected or geographic coordinate system. This option preserves the shape of the geometry in its coordinate system. (Der Standardwert ist GEODESIC)	String

Rückgabewert

Datentyp	Erläuterung
tuple	Returns a tuple of angle (in degrees) and distance (in meters) to another point.

boundary ()

Rückgabewert

Datentyp	Erläuterung
Object	A polygon's boundary is a polyline. A polyline's boundary is a multipoint, corresponding to the endpoints of the line. A point or multipoint's boundary is an empty point or multipoint.

buffer (distance)

Parameter	Erläuterung	Datentyp
distance	The buffer distance. The buffer distance is in the same units as the geometry that is being buffered. A negative distance can only be specified against a polygon geometry.	Double

Rückgabewert

Datentyp	Erläuterung
Polygon	The buffered polygon geometry.

clip (envelope)

Parameter	Erläuterung	Datentyp
envelope	An Extent object used to define the clip extent.	Extent

Rückgabewert

Datentyp	Erläuterung
Object	An output geometry clipped to the specified extent.

contains (second_geometry, {relation})

Parameter	Erläuterung	Datentyp
second_geometry	A second geometry.	Object
relation	The spatial relationship type. BOUNDARY— Relationship has no restrictions for interiors or boundaries. CLEMENTINI— Interiors of geometries must intersect. Specifying CLEMENTINI is equivalent to specifying None. This is the default. PROPER— Boundaries of geometries must not intersect. (Der Standardwert ist None)	String

Rückgabewert

Datentyp	Erläuterung
Boolean	A return Boolean value of True indicates this geometry contains the second geometry.

convexHull ()

Rückgabewert

Datentyp	Erläuterung
Object	The resulting geometry. The convex hull of a single point is the point itself.

crosses (second_geometry)

Parameter	Erläuterung	Datentyp
second_geometry	A second geometry.	Object

Rückgabewert

Datentyp	Erläuterung
Boolean	Der boolesche Rückgabetyp "True" gibt an, dass sich die beiden Geometrien in einer Geometrie mit einem geringeren Shape-Typ schneiden.

cut (cutter)

Parameter	Erläuterung	Datentyp
cutter	The cutting polyline geometry.	PolyLine

Rückgabewert

Datentyp	Erläuterung
Geometry	A list of two geometries.

densify (type, distance, {deviation})

Parameter	Erläuterung	Datentyp
type	The type of densification, DISTANCE, ANGLE, or GEODESIC. DISTANCE—Creates a new feature that is a piecewise linear approximation of the input. ANGLE—Creates a new feature that is a piecewise linear approximation of the input. Vertices are introduced at points where the angle between tangents at those points is the provided angle. GEODESIC—Densifies and reshapes segments between input vertices so that the output segments follow the shortest ground path connecting input vertices.	String
distance	The maximum distance between vertices. The actual distance between vertices will usually be less than the maximum distance as new vertices will be evenly distributed along the original segment. If using a type of DISTANCE or ANGLE, the distance is measured in the units of the geometry's spatial reference. If using a type of GEODESIC, the distance is measured in meters.	Double
deviation	Densify uses straight lines to approximate curves. You use deviation to control the accuracy of this approximation. The deviation is the maximum distance between the new segment and the original curve. The smaller its value, the more segments will be required to approximate the curve. If using a type of DISTANCE, the deviation is measured in the units of the geometry's spatial reference. If using a type of ANGLE, the deviation is measured in radians. If using a type of GEODESIC, the deviation is not used.	Double

Rückgabewert

Datentyp	Erläuterung
Geometry	The densified geometry.

difference (other)

Parameter	Erläuterung	Datentyp
other	A second geometry.	Object

Rückgabewert

Datentyp	Erläuterung
Object	The resulting geometry.

disjoint (second_geometry)

Parameter	Erläuterung	Datentyp
second_geometry	A second geometry.	Object

Rückgabewert

Datentyp	Erläuterung
Boolean	Der boolesche Rückgabetyp "True" gibt an, dass die beiden Geometrien keine gemeinsamen Punkte aufweisen.

distanceTo (other)

Parameter	Erläuterung	Datentyp
other	A second geometry.	Object

Rückgabewert

Datentyp	Erläuterung
Double	The distance between the two geometries.

equals (second_geometry)

Parameter	Erläuterung	Datentyp
second_geometry	A second geometry.	Object

Rückgabewert

Datentyp	Erläuterung
Boolean	A return Boolean value of True indicates that the two geometries are of the same shape type and define the same set of points in the plane.

generalize (max_offset)

Parameter	Erläuterung	Datentyp
max_offset	The maximum offset tolerance.	Double

Rückgabewert

Datentyp	Erläuterung
Geometry	The generalized geometry.

getArea ({type}, {units})

Parameter	Erläuterung	Datentyp
type	The method used to measure area. GEODESIC—The shortest line between any two points on the earth's surface on a spheroid (ellipsoid). One use for a geodesic line is to determine the shortest distance between two cities for an airplane's flight path. This is also known as a great circle line if based on a sphere rather than an ellipsoid. GREAT_ELLIPTIC—The line on a spheroid (ellipsoid) defined by the intersection at the surface by a plane that passes through the center of the spheroid and the start and endpoints of a segment. This is also known as a great circle when a sphere is used. LOXODROME—The line follows a single compass bearing, or azimuth. Great circle routes are often broken into a series of loxodromes, which simplifies navigation. This is also known as a rhumb line. PLANAR—Planar measurements use 2D Cartesian mathematics to calculate lengths and areas. This option is only available when measuring in a projected coordinate system and the 2D plane of that coordinate system will be used as the basis for the measurements. Planar measurements reflect the projection of geographic data onto a 2D surface, and do not account for the curvature of the earth. PRESERVE_SHAPE—This type calculates the area or length of the geometry on the surface of the earth ellipsoid, for geometry defined in a projected or geographic coordinate system. This option preserves the shape of the geometry in its coordinate system. (Der Standardwert ist GEODESIC)	String
units	The units in which the area will be calculated. ACRES—Acres ARES—Ares HECTARES—Hectares SQUARECENTIMETERS—Square centimeters SQUAREDECIMETERS—Square decimeters SQUAREFEET—Square feet SQUAREINCHES—Square inches SQUAREKILOMETERS—Square kilometers SQUAREMETERS—Square meters SQUAREMILES—Square miles SQUAREMILLIMETERS—Square millimeters SQUAREYARDS—Square yards	String

Rückgabewert

Datentyp	Erläuterung
Double	The area of the feature. By default, for projected coordinate systems, area will be returned in the units of the coordinate system, and for geographic coordinate systems, area will be returned in square meters.

getLength ({measurement_type}, {units})

Parameter	Erläuterung	Datentyp
measurement_type	The method used to measure length. GEODESIC—The shortest line between any two points on the earth's surface on a spheroid (ellipsoid). One use for a geodesic line is to determine the shortest distance between two cities for an airplane's flight path. This is also known as a great circle line if based on a sphere rather than an ellipsoid. GREAT_ELLIPTIC—The line on a spheroid (ellipsoid) defined by the intersection at the surface by a plane that passes through the center of the spheroid and the start and endpoints of a segment. This is also known as a great circle when a sphere is used. LOXODROME—The line follows a single compass bearing, or azimuth. Great circle routes are often broken into a series of loxodromes, which simplifies navigation. This is also known as a rhumb line. PLANAR—Planar measurements use 2D Cartesian mathematics to calculate lengths and areas. This option is only available when measuring in a projected coordinate system and the 2D plane of that coordinate system will be used as the basis for the measurements. Planar measurements reflect the projection of geographic data onto a 2D surface, and do not account for the curvature of the earth. PRESERVE_SHAPE—This type calculates the area or length of the geometry on the surface of the earth ellipsoid, for geometry defined in a projected or geographic coordinate system. This option preserves the shape of the geometry in its coordinate system. (Der Standardwert ist GEODESIC)	String
units	The units in which the length will be calculated. CENTIMETERS—Centimeters DECIMETERS—Decimeters FEET—Feet INCHES—Inches KILOMETERS—Kilometers METERS—Meters MILES—Miles MILLIMETERS—Millimeters NAUTICALMILES—Nautical Miles YARDS—Yards	String

Rückgabewert

Datentyp	Erläuterung
Double	The length of the feature. By default, for projected coordinate systems, length will be returned in the units of the coordinate system, and for geographic coordinate systems, length will be returned in square meters.

getPart ({index})

Parameter	Erläuterung	Datentyp
index	The index position of the geometry.	Integer

Rückgabewert

Datentyp	Erläuterung
Array	The resultant Array object.

intersect (other, dimension)

Parameter	Erläuterung	Datentyp
other	The second geometry.	Object
dimension	The topological dimension (shape type) of the resulting geometry. 1—A zero-dimensional geometry (point or multipoint). 2—A one-dimensional geometry (polyline). 4—A two-dimensional geometry (polygon).	Integer

Rückgabewert

Datentyp	Erläuterung
Object	A new geometry (point, multipoint, polyline, or polygon) that is the geometric intersection of the two input geometries.

overlaps (second_geometry)

Parameter	Erläuterung	Datentyp
second_geometry	A second geometry.	Object

Rückgabewert

Datentyp	Erläuterung
Boolean	Der boolesche Rückgabetyp True gibt an, dass die Überschneidung der beiden Geometrien dieselbe Dimension wie eine der Eingabegeometrien aufweist.

pointFromAngleAndDistance (angle, distance, {method})

Parameter	Erläuterung	Datentyp
angle	The angle in degrees to the returned point.	Double
distance	The distance in the units of the geometry's spatial reference to the returned point.	Double
method	PLANAR measurements reflect the projection of geographic data onto the 2D surface (in other words, they will not take into account the curvature of the earth). GEODESIC, GREAT_ELLIPTIC, LOXODROME, or PRESERVE_SHAPE measurement types can be chosen as an alternative if desired. GEODESIC—The shortest line between any two points on the earth's surface on a spheroid (ellipsoid). One use for a geodesic line is when you want to determine the shortest distance between two cities for an airplane's flight path. This is also known as a great circle line if based on a sphere rather than an ellipsoid. GREAT_ELLIPTIC—The line on a spheroid (ellipsoid) defined by the intersection at the surface by a plane that passes through the center of the spheroid and the start and endpoints of a segment. This is also known as a great circle when a sphere is used. LOXODROME—A loxodrome is not the shortest distance between two points but instead defines the line of constant bearing, or azimuth. Great circle routes are often broken into a series of loxodromes, which simplifies navigation. This is also known as a rhumb line. PLANAR—Planar measurements use 2D Cartesian mathematics to calculate lengths and areas. This option is only available when measuring in a projected coordinate system, and the 2D plane of that coordinate system will be used as the basis for the measurements. PRESERVE_SHAPE—This type calculates the area or length of the geometry on the surface of the earth ellipsoid for geometry defined in a projected or geographic coordinate system. This option preserves the shape of the geometry in its coordinate system. (Der Standardwert ist GEODESIC)	String

Rückgabewert

Datentyp	Erläuterung
PointGeometry	Returns a point at a given angle and distance in degrees and meters.

positionAlongLine (value, {use_percentage})

Parameter	Erläuterung	Datentyp
value	The distance along the line. If the distance is less than zero, then the starting point of the line will be returned; if the distance is greater than the length of the line, then the end point of the line will be returned.	Double
use_percentage	The distance may be specified as a fixed unit of measure or a ratio of the length of the line. If True, value is used as a percentage; if False, value is used as a distance. For percentages, the value should be expressed as a double from 0.0 (0%) to 1.0 (100%). (Der Standardwert ist False)	Boolean

Rückgabewert

Datentyp	Erläuterung
PointGeometry	The point on the line at a specified distance from the beginning of the line.

projectAs (spatial_reference, {transformation_name})

Parameter	Erläuterung	Datentyp
spatial_reference	The new spatial reference. This can be a SpatialReference object or the coordinate system name.	SpatialReference
transformation_name	The geotransformation name.	String

Rückgabewert

Datentyp	Erläuterung
Object	The projected geometry.

symmetricDifference (other)

Parameter	Erläuterung	Datentyp
other	A second geometry.	Object

Rückgabewert

Datentyp	Erläuterung
Object	The resulting geometry.

touches (second_geometry)

Parameter	Erläuterung	Datentyp
second_geometry	A second geometry.	Object

Rückgabewert

Datentyp	Erläuterung
Boolean	A return Boolean value of True indicates the boundaries of the geometries intersect.

union (other)

Parameter	Erläuterung	Datentyp
other	A second geometry.	Object

Rückgabewert

Datentyp	Erläuterung
Object	The resulting geometry.

within (second_geometry, {relation})

Parameter	Erläuterung	Datentyp
second_geometry	A second geometry.	Object
relation	The spatial relationship type. BOUNDARY— Relationship has no restrictions for interiors or boundaries. CLEMENTINI— Interiors of geometries must intersect. Specifying CLEMENTINI is equivalent to specifying None. This is the default. PROPER— Boundaries of geometries must not intersect. (Der Standardwert ist None)	String

Rückgabewert

Datentyp	Erläuterung
Boolean	A return Boolean value of True indicates this geometry is contained within the second geometry.

Codebeispiel

Polygon example

Create a polygon feature class from scratch.

import arcpy

# A list of features and coordinate pairs
feature_info = [[[1, 2], [2, 4], [3, 7]],
                [[6, 8], [5, 7], [7, 2], [9, 5]]]

# A list that will hold each of the Polygon objects
features = []

# Create Polygon objects based an the array of points
for feature in feature_info:
    array = arcpy.Array([arcpy.Point(*coords) for coords in feature])
   
    # Add the first coordinate pair to the end to close polygon
    array.append(array[0])
    features.append(arcpy.Polygon(array))

# Persist a copy of the geometry objects using CopyFeatures
arcpy.CopyFeatures_management(features, "c:/geometry/polygons.shp")